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EC number: 235-008-5 | CAS number: 12054-48-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable publication
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Plant toxicity testing to derive ecological soil screening levels for cobalt and nickel
- Author:
- Kaputzka et al
- Year:
- 2 006
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol 25, No. 3, pp:865-874
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: American Society for testing and materials international E1963-98, Standard Guideline for conducting terrestrial plant toxicity tests
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-743-0
- EC Name:
- Nickel dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7718-54-9
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel(2+) dichloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Nickelchloride (NiCl2)
Constituent 1
Test substrate
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil (if used): Aliqotes of tge high-concentration batch were mixed with clean soil to make the lower concentration batches. These were first mixed by hand in plastic bags and then placed into a mechanical mixer for 15 minutes. The batches were again mixed by hand and returned to the mixer for another 15 minutes.
Test organisms
open allclose all
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Alfalfa
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Spring Barley
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Brassica
Study design
- Test type:
- other: endpoints were emergence, mortality, shoot heighz, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weightand nodule number
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 20.6-24.2 °C
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 3-6
- No. of replicates per control: 3-6
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: The natural soil was selected from the Camas series (Willamette Valley, OR, USA) purchased from Green and White (Corvallis, OR, USA)
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 88.8 %,
- % silt: 8.0%
- % clay: 3.2 %
- Composition: artifical soil
- Organic carbon (%): 5 % organic matter
GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light-dark cycle
- Light source: 48-inch fluorecent 40 watt full spectrum bulb
- Light intensity and quality: 164 - 242 µmol/m²/s PAR
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : emergence, mortality, shoot heighz, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weightand nodule number
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The NOAEC observed in the range-finding test was used as a predictor of the EC20 target level for the definitve test. the concentration sequence was designed to have one to three test concentrations below the EC20 and and five to six test concentrations above the EC20. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations: 0.0, 0.3, 3.0, 30, 300, 3000 mg/kg.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Boric acid
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 201.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Nickel
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Artifical soil
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 124.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Nickel
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Camas soil (natural)
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 256.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Nickel
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Artifical soil
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 179.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Nickel
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Camas soil (natural)
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 43.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Nickel
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Artifical soil
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 63 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Nickel
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Camas soil (natural)
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 317.66 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- other: Nickeldihydroxid
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Artifical soil. Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 196.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- other: Nickeldihydroxid
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Camas soil (natural). Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 404.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- other: Nickeldihydroxid
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Artifical soil. Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 284 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- other: Nickeldihydroxid
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Camas soil (natural). Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 68.24 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- other: Nickeldihydroxid
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Artifical soil. Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 99.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- other: Nickeldihydroxid
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: Camas soil (natural). Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Endpoint |
Arifical soil |
Camas Soil |
Alfalfa |
EC20 (mg/Kg) |
EC20 (mg/kg) |
Emergence |
201.1 |
124.6 |
Mortality |
319.7 |
176.5 |
Shoot height |
20 |
26.4 |
Root length |
15.7 |
33.1 |
Shoot dry weight |
40 |
24.9 |
Shoot dry weight/plant |
36.4 |
25.3 |
Root dry weight |
22.4 |
26.5 |
Root dry weight/plant |
12.9 |
27.4 |
Total dry weight |
34.5 |
25.0 |
Total dry weight/plant |
27.4 |
25.3 |
Barley |
||
Emergence |
256.2 |
179.8 |
Mortality |
593.6 |
760.8 |
Shoot height |
19.8 |
69.0 |
Root length |
24.4 |
67.6 |
Shoot dry weight |
17.5 |
67.3 |
Shoot dry weight/plant |
18.8 |
65.0 |
Root dry weight |
8.5 |
73.8 |
Root dry weight/plant |
7.0 |
76.3 |
Total dry weight |
13.5 |
69.7 |
Total dry weight/plant |
14.2 |
69.2 |
Brassica |
||
Emergence |
43.2 |
63.0 |
Mortality |
> 5000 |
4001.9 |
Shoot height |
24.3 |
42.2 |
Root length |
8.4 |
30.0 |
Shoot dry weight |
18.5 |
30.9 |
Shoot dry weight/plant |
18.6 |
36.6 |
Root dry weight |
26.0 |
35.2 |
Root dry weight/plant |
28.7 |
44.7 |
Total dry weight |
21.2 |
33.7 |
Total dry weight/plant |
22.5 |
39.4 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.