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EC number: 231-104-6 | CAS number: 7439-95-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented study which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Modulation of peripheral lymphocyte and alveolar macrophage activity by magnesite emissions
- Author:
- Reichrtova E, et al
- Year:
- 1 982
- Bibliographic source:
- J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 26 (4): 367-374 (1982)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Magnesium oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-171-9
- EC Name:
- Magnesium oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1309-48-4
- IUPAC Name:
- magnesium oxide
- Test material form:
- aerosol dispenser: not specified
- Remarks:
- migrated information: aerosol
- Details on test material:
- magnesite composition: MgO 88.52%, Fe2O3 7.57%, CaO 2.74%, Al2O3 0.49%, SiO2 0.68%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Remarks on MMAD:
- MMAD / GSD: The MMAD (mass median aerodynamic diameter) of the aerosols was 1.8 μm. (mean dust particle diameter of 1.8 μm).
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- In experimental exposure chambers, aerosols were prepared using particulates that were collected from electrostatic filters in a Slovak magnesite
work, consisting of 88.5% MgO, 7.6% Fe2O3, 2.7% CaO, 0.5% Al2O3, SiO2, and traces of other elements and having a mean dust particle diameter of
1.8 μm.
Wistar rats and C57 BL mice were exposed to concentrations ranging from 10- 1000 mg/m3, 3-5 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 3-9 months. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no data
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 70 days for rats
- Frequency of treatment:
4 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 70 days for rats
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
10 mg/m3
Basis:
analytical conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
50 mg/m3
Basis:
analytical conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
10- 1000 mg/m3
Basis:
analytical conc.
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- In experimental exposure chambers, aerosols were prepared using particulates that were collected from electrostatic filters in a Slovak magnesite
work, consisting of 88.5% MgO, 7.6% Fe2O3, 2.7% CaO, 0.5% Al2O3, SiO2, and traces of other elements and having a mean dust particle diameter of 1.8 μm. Wistar rats and C57 BL mice were exposed to concentrations ranging from 10- 1000 mg/m3, 3-5 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 3-9 months - Positive control:
- no
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Reichrtová et al. studied the effects of exposure to magnesite ‘dusts’ in rats, in laboratory as well as in field conditions in which animals housed in stations built on a distance from magnesite works were exposed to magnesite-work emissions (‘dust fallout’).
In experimental exposure chambers, aerosols were prepared using particulates that were collected from electrostatic filters in a Slovak magnesite
work, consisting of 88.5% MgO, 7.6% Fe2O3, 2.7% CaO, 0.5% Al2O3, SiO2, and traces of other elements and having a mean dust particle diameter of 1.8 μm. Wistar rats and C57 BL mice were exposed to concentrations ranging from 10- 1000 mg/m3, 3-5 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 3-9 months.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- Exposure to magnesium-polluted ambient air was found to increase the number of alveolar macrophages, to stimulate acid phosphatase activity in these cells, and to enhance activity of peripheral B lymphocytes to form EAC rosettes.
The inhalation chamber experiments, evaluated after 46 and 70 days of exposure, resulted in an enhanced acid phosphatase activity of alveolar macrophages, enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity of peripheral lymphocytes and in an increased percentage of B lymphocytes in blood, depending on exposure time. This activation clearly suggest that the cells participating in the induction and expression of the immune response are distinctly modulated in their activity by in vivo exposure to magnesite dust.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 50 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- dissolved
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: statistically significant increases in the number of B lymphocytes in blood, in lactate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes, and in the acid phosphatase activity in alveolar macrophages were found at the end of the exposure period.
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Histological examination of the organs showed a marked stimulation of the reticuloendothelial cells in the lungs and spleen. The overall lung tissue structure retained its normal appearance, except for a slight hypertrophy of interalveolar septa. Some alveoli were packed with macrophages. The histological changes in the spleen were characterised by growth of malphigian corpuscles and migration of lymphocytes into the spleen red pulp. The reticulin stroma of the spleen was unaltered. No histological changes were observed in liver and kidneys. Reichrtová et al. concluded that subchronic exposure to these dusts might modulate the activity of cells participating in the induction and expression of immune response.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In rats exposed to dust aerosols of 50 mg/m3, 4 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 70 days, the LOAEC was established at 50 mg/m3, based on effects statistically significant increases in the number of B lymphocytes in blood, in lactate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes, and in the acid phosphatase activity in alveolar macrophages were found at the end of the exposure period.
- Executive summary:
In rats exposed to dust aerosols of 50 mg/m3, 4 hours/day, 5 days/week, for70 days, statistically significant increases in the number of B lymphocytes in blood, in lactate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes, and in the acidphosphatase activity in alveolar macrophages were found at the end of theexposure period. Histological examination of the organs showed a markedstimulation of the reticuloendothelial cells in the lungs and spleen. The overalllung tissue structure retained its normal appearance, except for a slighthypertrophy of interalveolar septa. Some alveoli were packed with macrophages.The histological changes in the spleen were characterised by growth ofmalphigian corpuscles and migration of lymphocytes into the spleen red pulp.The reticulin stroma of the spleen was unaltered. No histological changes wereobserved in liver and kidneys. Reichrtová et al. concluded that subchronicexposure to these dusts might modulate the activity of cells participating in theinduction and expression of immune response.
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