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EC number: 277-135-9 | CAS number: 72968-34-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Water solubility
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- transformation / dissolution of metals and inorganic metal compounds
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015-05-06 to 2015-06-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 (23-Jul-2001): Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media
- Version / remarks:
- 2001
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Determination at pH 6 and 8 instead of 5.5 and 8.5
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- other: transformation/ dissolution
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.002 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Zr
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 other: mg test item/L
- Incubation duration:
- 672 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 6, agitation at 100 rpm, 21.5 ± 1.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 0.924 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Zr
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 other: mg test item/L
- Incubation duration:
- 672 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, agitation at 100 rpm, 21.5 ± 1.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: ± 0.4349 µg/L
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 0.82 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Zr
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 other: mg test item/L
- Incubation duration:
- 672 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, agitation at 100 rpm, 21.5 ± 1.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: ± 0.4349 µg/L
- Remarks:
- background (means) corrected
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.005 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cd
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 other: mg test item/L
- Incubation duration:
- 672 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 6, agitation at 100 rpm, 21.5 ± 1.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 0.208 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cd
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 other: mg test item/L
- Incubation duration:
- 672 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, agitation at 100 rpm, 21.5 ± 1.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: ± 0.0993 µg/L
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 0.197 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cd
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 other: mg test item/L
- Incubation duration:
- 672 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, agitation at 100 rpm, 21.5 ± 1.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: ± 0.0993 µg/L
- Remarks:
- background (means) corrected
- Details on results:
- Temperature
The temperature of the thermostatically controlled room was recorded with a Testo 175-T2 data logger. The mean temperature was 20.4 ± 0.2 °C during the test with 1 mg/L loading at pH 8. The mean temperature during the test at pH 6 was 20.4 ± 0.2 °C. Therefore, the mean temperature is in agreement with the OECD guidance document 29.
Solution pH and oxygen concentrations
In solutions containing 1 mg/L of the test item at pH 6 and pH 8 as well as in method blanks (BW), the pHs in the range of 5.8 – 6.5 and 7.6 – 8.2, respectively.
Mass balance
The measured vanadium concentrations in samples from rinsed filters and vessels from pH 6 all were below LODs/LOQs (pH 6: 0.2033/0.6098). Therefore, the mass balance was not calculated for pH 6.
The measured concentrations for mass balance samples from pH 8 were above respective limits. However, the recovery of vanadium was 20.8 – 24.1%. This is clearly below 100 ± 15 %, indicating that aqua regia is not sufficient for a complete dissolution of the test item. The latter fact is expected for inorganic pigments.
Within-vessel variation and between-vessel variation
According to the guidance, “[…]it is reasonable to anticipate that for a constant loading of a substance, tested in a narrow particle size (e.g. 37 - 44 μm) and total surface area range, the within-vessel variation in transformation data should be less than 10 % and the between-vessel variation should be less than 20 %”.
The particle size distribution of each loading replicate may differ and thus resulting in different overall total surface areas per vessel. Since the exposed surface area is affecting the rate of transformation and dissolution of sparingly soluble metal compounds, increases in vessel variations may be observed in tests of materials with wider particle size distributions.
For the measured metals these variations are not always within the limits.
Background concentrations for antimony and vanadium at pH 6 and pH 8 were measured to be in the range of test item loaded samples. Therefore, the measured concentrations from test item loaded vessels at pH 6 and 8 were background (means) corrected. The background concentration of tin was below the LOD. - Conclusions:
- According to the OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Number 29 (2001), dissolved mean Zr and Cd concentrations were determined in a transformation/dissolution test with a loading of 1 mg test item (zircon, cadmium yellow) /L media (agitation at 100 rpm, 21.5 ± 1.5 °C) over 672 hours with samplings after 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, 332 h, 504 h and 672 h. Following conecntrations were determined after 672 h:
pH 6 pH 8
Zr [µg/L]Cd [µg/L] Zr [µg/L] background (means) corrected 0.8195 ± 0.4349
Cd [µg/L] background (means) corrected 0.1973 ± 0.0993
Reference
Method validation summary
Validation parameter | Results | Comment |
selectivity | selective wavelength and isotopes for detection and evaluation of Cd and Zr | |
linearity | applied calibration functions were linear | correlation factor at least 0.9998 |
limit of detection | Zr: ICP-MS: 0.0011 – 0.068 µg/L ICP-OES (mass balance): 0.1773 µg/L Cd: ICP-MS: 0.0025 – 0.0053 µg/L |
|
limit of quantification | Zr: ICP-MS: 0.0033– 0.0204 µg/L ICP-OES (mass balance): 0.5318 µg/L Cd: ICP-MS: 0.0076 – 0.0158 µg/L |
|
accuracy and precision; repeatability | Mean recovery for TM-25.4 Cd: 102.3 ± 2.7 % (n = 34) | Diluted (5 fold) to 4.7 µg Cd/L |
accuracy and precision | Mean recovery for TM-25.4 Cd: 102.3 ± 1.9 % (n = 11) | Diluted (10 fold) to 2.35 µg Cd/L |
accuracy and precision | Mean recovery for TM-25.4 Cd: 97.7 ± 1.7 % (n = 7) | Diluted (20 fold) to 1.175 µg Cd/L |
accuracy and precision; repeatability | Mean recovery for TMDA-53.3 Cd: 101.2 ± 2.8 % (n = 41) | Diluted (10 fold) to 11.8 µg Cd/L |
accuracy and precision | Mean recovery for TMDA-53.3 Cd: 103.6 ± 1.5 % (n = 11) | Diluted (5 fold) to 23.6 µg Cd/L |
accuracy and precision; repeatability |
Mean recovery for quality control standard QC: Zr: 92.3 ± 1.8 % (n = 43) Cd: 97.3 ± 2.6 % (n = 43) |
Diluted to 5 µg Cd, Zr/L |
accuracy and precision |
Mean recovery for quality control standard QC: Zr: 99.3 ± 1.9 % (n = 9) Mass balance (Zr): 92.9 ± 1.8 (n= 2) Cd: 101.0 ± 2.1 % (n = 9) |
Diluted to 10 µg Cd, Zr/L |
accuracy and precision; repeatability |
Mean recovery for recalibration standard: Zr: 95.3 ± 1.9 % (n = 43) Cd: 99.4 ± 2.8 % (n = 43) |
Diluted to 10 µg Cd, Zr/L |
accuracy and precision |
Mean recovery for recalibration standard: Zr: 94.7 ± 1.4 % (n = 9) Cd: 99.2 ± 1.5 % (n = 9) |
Diluted to 0.5 µg Cd, Zr/L |
accuracy and precision; repeatability |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-53.3 52Cr[2]: 105.8 ± 6.0 % (n = 31) 118Sn[3]: 103.0 ± 3.1 % (n = 24) Cr 205.560nm: 101.4 ± 1.1 % (n = 7) |
Diluted (10 fold) to 34.1 µg Cr/L 1.84 µg Sn/L |
trueness |
recovery of fortified samples: ICP-MS Zr: 89.4 – 113.9 % (n = 13) Cd: 91.5 – 108.4 % (n = 13) ICP-OES (mass balance) Zr: 100.2 % |
Recoveries of fortified samples (values were rounded, internal calculations were performed with more digits)
sample | measured concentration [µg Zr/L] |
calculated level after addition |
recovery [µg Zr/L] / [%] |
measured concentration [µg Cd/L] |
calculated level after addition |
recovery [µg Cd/L] / [%] |
1 mL of sample + 2 mL of 5 µg M/L | ||||||
Sample a from vessel 1 after 2h | 0.013 | 3.34 | 3.08 /92.3 | 0.012 | 3.34 | 3.62 / 108.4 |
Sample a from vessel 4 after 2h | 0.002 | 3.33 | 3.48 / 104.4 | <LOD | 3.33 | 3.05 / 91.5 |
Sample a from vessel 1 after 6h |
0.024 |
3.34 |
3.04 / 91.0 |
0.017 |
3.34 |
3.42 / 102.4 |
Sample a from vessel 4 after 6h |
<LOD |
3.33 |
3.33 / 99.9 |
0.007 |
3.34 |
3.34 / 100.1 |
Sample a from vessel 1 after 24h |
0.044 |
3.35 |
3.04 / 90.8 |
0.033 |
3.34 |
3.34 / 99.9 |
Sample a from vessel 4 after 24h |
<LOD |
3.33 |
3.33 / 99.9 |
0.023 |
3.34 |
3.34 / 100.0 |
Sample a from vessel 4 after 96h |
<LOD |
3.33 |
3.04 / 91.2 |
0.150 |
3.38 |
3.48 / 102.7 |
Sample a from vessel 4 after 168h |
0.005 |
3.34 |
3.17 / 95.1 |
0.080 |
3.36 |
3.57 / 106.1 |
Sample a from vessel 4 after 336h |
<LOD |
3.33 |
2.98 / 89.4 |
0.103 |
3.37 |
3.43 / 101.9 |
Sample a from vessel 4 after 672h |
<LOD |
3.33 |
3.10 / 93.1 |
<LOD |
3.33 |
3.40 / 102.0 |
Sample a from vessel 1 after 96h |
0.306 |
3.44 |
3.39 / 98.8 |
0.095 |
3.36 |
3.53 / 104.8 |
Sample a from vessel 1 after 168h |
0.654 |
3.55 |
3.80 / 107.0 |
0.153 |
3.38 |
3.58 / 105.9 |
1 mL of sample + 2 mL of 0.5 µg M/L |
||||||
Sample a from vessel 1 after 672h |
1.428 |
0.81 |
0.92 / 113.9 |
0.314 |
0.438 |
0.451 / 102.9 |
0.5 mL of sample from mass balance + 4.5 mL of 2.5 µg M/L |
||||||
Sample from rinsed filter 1 (mass balance) |
<LOD |
2.25 |
2.25 / 100.2 |
Description of key information
Transformation/ dissolution of zircon, cadmium yellow with a loading of 1 mg/L at 21.5 ± 1.5 °C after 672 hours at pH 8:
- Zr [µg/L] background (means) corrected: 0.8195 ± 0.4349
- Cd [µg/L] background (means) corrected: 0.1973 ± 0.0993
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
According to the OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Number 29 (2001), dissolved mean Zr and Cd concentrations were determined in a transformation/dissolution test with a loading of 1 mg test item (zircon, cadmium yellow) /L media (agitation at 100 rpm, 21.5 ± 1.5 °C) over 672 hours with samplings after 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, 332 h, 504 h and 672 h. Following conecntrations were determined after 672 h:
pH 6 | pH 8 | |
Zr [µg/L] | <LOD (<0.0017) | 0.9241 ± 0.4349 |
Cd [µg/L] | <LOD (<0.0048) | 0.2077 ± 0.0993 |
Zr [µg/L] background (means) corrected | 0.8195 ± 0.4349 | |
Cd [µg/L] background (means) corrected | 0.1973 ± 0.0993 |
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