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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 914-920-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dissociation constant
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- dissociation constant
- Type of information:
- other: Peer reviewed official report.
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Peer reviewed official report.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- official risk assessment, peer reviewed
- Dissociating properties:
- yes
- Remarks on result:
- other: See the field "Any other information on results incl.table" below
Reference
At low pH values, dissolved aluminium is present mainly in the aquo form (Al3+). Hydrolysis occurs as pH rises, resulting in a series of less soluble hydroxide complexes (e.g. Al(OH)2+, Al(OH)2+). Aluminium solubility is at a minimum near pH 6.5 at 20 °C and then increases as the anion, Al(OH)4-, begins to form at higher pH (Driscoll and Schecher, 1990; Witters et al., 1996). Thus, at 20 °C and pH <5.7, aluminium is present primarily in the form Al3+ and Al(OH)2+. In the pH range 5.7 to 6.7, aluminium hydroxide species dominate, including Al(OH)2+ and Al(OH)2+, and then Al(OH)3. Typically, at a pH of approximately 6.5, Al(OH)3 predominates over all the other species. In this range, aluminium solubility is low, and availability to aquatic biota should also be low. At pH >6.7, Al(OH)4– becomes the dominant species. It is important to note that the various aluminium species described above are always present simultaneously at any pH value. The influence of pH in aquatic systems is mainly to change the proportion of all the species as the pH changes (2008 email from Canadian Wastewater Association to J. Pasternak, Environment Canada; unreferenced).
Mononuclear aluminium hydrolytic products combine to form polynuclear species in solution (Bertsch and Parker 1996). Aluminium begins to polymerize when the pH of an acidic solution increases notably over 4.5:
2 Al(OH)(H2O)52+ → Al2(OH)2(H2O)84+ + 2 H2O
Polymerization gradually proceeds to larger structures, eventually leading to the formation of the Al13 polycation (Parker and Bertsch 1992a, 1992b).
Driscoll CT, Schecher WD. 1990. The chemistry of aluminum in the environment. J. Environ Perspect Health 12: 28–49.
Witters HE, Van Puymbroeck S, Stouthart AJHX, Bonga SEW. 1996. Physicochemical changes of aluminium in mixing zones: mortality and physiological disturbances in brown trout (Salmo truttaL.). Environ Toxicol Chem 15: 986–996.
Bertsch PM, Parker DR. 1996. Aqueous polynuclear aluminum species. In: Sposito G, editor, The environmental chemistry of aluminum. 2nd edition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press p. 117–168.
Parker DR, Bertsch PM. 1992a. Identification and quantification of the “Al13” tridecameric polycation using ferron. Environ Sci Technol 26: 908–914.
Parker DR, Bertsch PM. 1992b. Formation of the “Al13” tridecameric polycation under diverse synthesis conditions. Environ Sci Technol 26: 914–921.
Description of key information
Behaviour of aluminium in water is very complex. Aluminium speciation depends strongly on pH:
pH < 5.7: Al3+ and [Al(OH)2]+
pH 5.7 to 6.7: [Al(OH)]2+, [Al(OH)2]+ and Al(OH)3
pH > 6.7: [Al(OH)4]-, polymerization
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The behavior and dissociation of aluminium is common knowledge, as described in the assessment report for the three aluminium salts (chloride, nitrate and sulphate) under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act:
At low pH values, dissolved aluminium is present mainly in the aqua form (Al3+). Hydrolysis occurs as pH rises, resulting in a series of less soluble hydroxide complexes (e.g. Al(OH)2+, Al(OH)2+). Aluminium solubility is at a minimum near pH 6.5 at 20 °C (Al(OH)3) and then increases as the anion, Al(OH)4-, begins to form at higher pH. It is important to note that the various aluminium species described above are always present simultaneously at any pH value. The influence of pH in aquatic systems is mainly to change the proportion of all the species as the pH changes.
Mononuclear aluminium hydrolytic products combine to form polynuclear species in solution. Aluminium begins to polymerize when the pH of an acidic solution increases notably over 4.5.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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