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EC number: 310-193-6 | CAS number: 1345-16-0 This substance is identified in the Colour Index by Colour Index Constitution Number, C.I. 77346
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Water solubility
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- transformation / dissolution of metals and inorganic metal compounds
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012-04-19 to 2012-09-14
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- `mass balance (%) after completion of the transformation test´ is missing; The 28 d-test was performed at pH 6 and 8, according to OECD 29 a range from pH 5.5 to 8.5 should be covered.; The between-vessel variation on day 14 and 21 was not < 20 % recommended by OECD Series No. 29 in the 28d-full test with a loading of 1mg/L at pH 6. The mean value of Al recovery at pH 8 is out from the range of acceptability following guideline SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 but considering the precision of the analytical method fixed at 10 % it can be acceptable.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 (23-Jul-2001): Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media
- Version / remarks:
- (ENV/JM/MONO(2001)9): Guidance Document on Transformation / Dissolution of Metals and Metal Compounds in Aqueous Media
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- please refer to the field "Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies" above
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EEC guideline SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 dated 11/07/00: Working document “Guidance for generating and reporting methods of analysis in support of residue data requirements for Annex II (part A, Section 4) and Annex III (part A, Section 5)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- please refer to the field "Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies" above
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- flask method
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Co and Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 6, 21.1 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Co and Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, 21 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Co
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6, 21.6 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- > 0.5 - < 1 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6, 21.6 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: > LOD, < LOQ
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Co
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, 21.6 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 1.9 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, 21.6 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: S.D.: +/- 0.1 µg Al/L
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Co
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6, 21.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 1.2 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6, 21.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: S.D.: +/- 0.2 µg Al/L
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Co
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, 21.4 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 2 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 8, 21.4 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: S.D.: +/- 0.2 µg Al/L
- Details on results:
- The analytical method was shown to be suitable for low content determination of cobalt and aluminium in aqueous samples due to the technique ICP-MS. The temperatur of the test vessels were ± 2 °C in the range of 20-25 °C.
The instrumental limit of detection (IDL) defined as the lowest calibration level, was 0.1 µg/L for cobalt and aluminium, respectively.
The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 1 µg/L for cobalt and aluminium, defined as the lowest fortification level.
The limit of detection (LOD) of the method, defined as 50 % of the lowest fortification level, was 0.5 µg/L for cobalt and aluminium.
Concentrations lower than the LOD were classified as not detected (n.d.).
Concentrations higher than the LOD but lower than the LOQ were designated as <1 µg/L for cobalt and aluminium.
From the results of the accuracy test it can be concluded that there was not a matrix effect and contamination (e.g. by the filter procedure) did not occur during sample processing. - Conclusions:
- The transformation/dissolution of cobalt aluminate blue spinel was measured according to the method OECD test series No. 29 (Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media).
Under the described conditions of this test, the following dissolved concentrations were measured at the respective loading, exposure and solution pH:
Full test 7 days at 1 mg/L and pH 6: <0.5 µg Co/L and <1 µg Al/L
Full test 7 days at 1 mg/L and pH 8: <0.5 µg Co/L and 1.9 µg Al/L
Full test 28 days at 1 mg/L and pH 6: <0.5 µg Co/L and 1.2 µg Al/L
Full test 28 days at 1 mg/L and pH 8: <0.5 µg Co/L and 2.0 µg Al/L
The dissolved Co and Al concentrations were below 2.5 µg/L after 7 and 28 days at a loading of 1 mg/L, referring to a total solubility of < 0.25wt %.
Thus, the extent to which the pigment can produce soluble available ionic and other metal-bearing species in aqueous media is limited.
Reference
Analytical results of the 28d full test at pH 6
Full test 28 days at 1 mg/L |
|
Co (µg/L) |
Al (µg/L) |
Solution pH 6 T0h |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 6 T2h |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 6 T6h |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 6 T1d |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 6 T4d |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 6 T7d |
Mean |
n.d. |
<1 |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 6 T14d |
Mean |
n.d. |
1.6 |
SD |
- |
0.4 |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
28.2(**) |
|
Solution pH 6 T21d |
Mean |
n.d. |
1.5 |
SD |
- |
0.4 |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
25.1(**) |
|
Solution pH 6 T28d |
Mean |
n.d. |
1.2 |
SD |
- |
0.2 |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
19.3 |
n.d.: lower than the method Limit of Detection (LOD) (0.5 µg/L for Co and Al).
<1: lower than the method Limit of Quantification (LOQ) (1 µg/L for Al) but higher than the method Limit of Detection (LOD) (0.5 µg/L for Al).
(**)The between-vessel variation was not less than 20% recommended by OECD Series No. 29.
Analytical results of the 28d full test at pH 8
Full test 28 days at 1 mg/L |
|
Co (µg/L) |
Al (µg/L) |
Solution pH 8 T0h |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 8 T2h |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 8 T6h |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 8 T1d |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SD |
- |
- |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
- |
|
Solution pH 8 T4d |
Mean |
n.d. |
1.1 |
SD |
- |
0.02 |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
1.6 |
|
Solution pH 8 T7d |
Mean |
n.d. |
1.9 |
SD |
- |
0.1 |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
4.2 |
|
Solution pH 8 T14d |
Mean |
n.d. |
2.0 |
SD |
- |
0.1 |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
3.1 |
|
Solution pH 8 T21d |
Mean |
n.d. |
1.9 |
SD |
- |
0.1 |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
5.5 |
|
Solution pH 8 T28d |
Mean |
n.d. |
2.0 |
SD |
- |
0.2 |
|
RSD (%) |
- |
9.7 |
n.d.: lower than the method Limit of Detection (LOD) (0.5 µg/L for Co and Al).
Parameters of the linear calibration for the Co analysis of solutions from the 28 d-full test
m (slope): 1.1753
q (intercept): 0.0020
R² (correlation): 0.9999
Parameters of linear calibration for Al analysis of solutions from the 28 d-full test:
m (slope): 0.0177
q (intercept): 0.0290
R² (correlation): 0.9997
Analytical method (Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass-Spectrometry ICP-MS)
Specificity
Cobalt and aluminium concentrations of blanks from each test medium were analyzed. Cobalt concentrations in blanks of the respective media were below the method LOD, while aluminium concentrations in blanks of the respective media were higher than the method LOD.
Linearity and System Precision
The analysed range of Co and Al concentrations, from 0.1 µg/L to 200 µg/L,was found to be linear (correlation coefficient > 0.99 for metal).
Since the fortification levels for the recovery test were 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L, the linear calibration performed for recovery quantification ranged from 0.1 µg/L to 50 µg/L.
Parameters of the linear calibration for the Co analysis of solutions from the recovery test
m (slope): 1.1959
q (intercept): 0.0012
R² (correlation): 0.9994
Parameters of the linear calibration for the Al analysis of solutions from the recovery test
m (slope): 0.0260
q (intercept): 0.0662
R² (correlation): 0.9992
Repeatability (Precision) and Accuracy (Recovery)
For precision, the SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 guideline requires an RSD to be lower than 20 % for each fortification level.
For accuracy, the SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 guideline requires mean recovery values for each fortification level in the range from 70 to 110 %, ideally with the mean in the range 80 to 100 %.
Recovery (Co)
Test Medium | Spike add | Mean Found | RSD (%) | Recovery Mean |
pH 6 | 1 µg/L | 0.9 µg/L | 1.0 | 93.3 % |
10 µg/L | 9.2 µg/L | 0.9 | 91.8 % | |
pH 8 | 1 µg/L | 0.9 µg/L | 1.9 | 90.3 % |
10 µg/L | 8.9 µg/L | 1.8 | 89.1 % |
Recovery (Al)
Test Medium | Spike add | Mean Found | RSD (%) | Recovery Mean |
pH 6 | 1 µg/L | 1.1 µg/L | 3.7 | 107.3 % |
10 µg/L | 10.9 µg/L | 2.3 | 108.9 % | |
pH 8 | 1 µg/L | 1.0 µg/L | 1.7 | 102.6 % |
10 µg/L | 11.5 µg/L | 2.4 | 115.1 %(*) |
(*)Out value from the range of acceptability following guideline SANCO3029/99 rev.4 but considering the precision of the analytical method fixed at 10 % it can be acceptable.
Repeatability and Recovery test: Test medium at pH 6
Elution medium pH 6 |
Co (µg/L) (1) |
Co Recovery (%) |
Al (µg/L) (1) |
Al Recovery (%) |
Solution blank |
n.d. |
- |
n.d. |
- |
Spike L1 |
0.92 |
92.29 |
1.11 |
111.15 |
Spike L2 |
0.94 |
94.14 |
1.07 |
107.35 |
Spike L3 |
0.93 |
93.42 |
1.03 |
103.29 |
Mean value: |
0.9 |
93.3 |
1.1 |
107.3 |
Standard deviation (SD): |
0.01 |
0.93 |
0.04 |
3.93 |
Relative Standard deviation (RSD (%)): |
1.0 |
1.0 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
Elution medium pH 6 |
Co (µg/L) (1) |
Co Recovery (%) |
Al (µg/L) (1) |
Al Recovery (%) |
Solution blank |
n.d. |
- |
n.d. |
- |
Spike H1 |
9.12 |
91.22 |
10.61 |
106.10 |
Spike H2 |
9.28 |
92.81 |
11.03 |
110.32 |
Spike H3 |
9.15 |
91.51 |
11.04 |
110.40 |
Mean value: |
9.2 |
91.8 |
10.9 |
108.9 |
Standard deviation (SD): |
0.08 |
0.85 |
0.25 |
2.46 |
Relative Standard deviation (RSD (%)): |
0.9 |
0.9 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
(1) Mean of two determinations
n.d.: lower than the method Limit of Detection (LOD) (0.5 µg/L for Co and Al).
Repeatability and Recovery test: Test medium at pH 8
Elution medium pH 8 |
Co (µg/L) (1) |
Co Recovery (%) |
Al (µg/L) (1) |
Al Recovery (%) |
Solution blank |
n.d. |
- |
n.d. |
- |
Spike L1 |
0.91 |
91.47 |
1.04 |
103.51 |
Spike L2 |
0.91 |
91.05 |
1.01 |
100.56 |
Spike L3 |
0.88 |
88.25 |
1.04 |
103.79 |
Mean value: |
0.9 |
90.3 |
1.0 |
102.6 |
Standard deviation (SD): |
0.02 |
1.75 |
0.02 |
1.79 |
Relative Standard deviation (RSD (%)): |
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
Elution medium pH 8 |
Co (µg/L) (1) |
Co Recovery (%) |
Al (µg/L) (1) |
Al Recovery (%) |
Solution blank |
n.d. |
- |
n.d. |
- |
Spike H1 |
8.74 |
87.39 |
11.23 |
112.32 |
Spike H2 |
9.05 |
90.46 |
11.52 |
115.24 |
Spike H3 |
8.95 |
89.47 |
11.78 |
117.83 |
Mean value (µg/L): |
8.9 |
89.1 |
11.5 |
115.1(*) |
Standard deviation (SD): |
0.16 |
1.57 |
0.28 |
2.75 |
Relative Standard deviation (RSD (%)): |
1.8 |
1.8 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
(1) Mean of two determinations.
n.d.: lower than the method Limit of Detection (LOD) (0.5 µg/L for Co and Al).
(*) Out value from the range of acceptability following guideline SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 but considering the precision of the analytical method fixed at 10 % it can be acceptable.
Repeatability and Recovery test: Certified Reference Material analysis
|
Ratio Co/Ge |
Co (µg/L) |
Ratio Al/Ge |
Al (µg/L) |
Certified Reference Material A |
18.7878 |
15.71 |
0.9601 |
34.38 |
Certified Reference Material B |
17.9231 |
14.99 |
0.9314 |
33.28 |
Mean value (µg/L): |
15.35 |
33.83 |
||
Standard deviation (SD): |
0.51 |
0.78 |
||
Relative Standard deviation (RSD (%)): |
3.3 |
2.3 |
Description of key information
The solubility of cobalt aluminate blue spinel is < 0.25 wt% at a 1mg/L loading at pH 6 and 8. A GLP-conform transformation/dissolution test with a loading of 1 mg/L at pH 6 and pH 8 over 28 days, revealed higher dissolution of aluminium at pH 8.
Transformation/dissolution at a loading of 1 mg/L at pH 6 and 8 after 7 and 28 days resulted in dissolved cobalt concentrations below LOD. The dissolved aluminium concentrations at pH 8 were of 1.9 µg/L and 2.0 µg/L after 7 and 28 days, respectively (Pardo Martinez, 2013).
The particle size of the tested sample (BET surface area 9.1 m2/g) is representative for the particle size on the market. Thus, the extent to which "cobalt aluminate blue spinel" can produce soluble available ionic and other metal-bearing species in aqueous media is limited.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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