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EC number: 227-497-9 | CAS number: 5858-81-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Carcinogenicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
Chronic oral toxicity study was published by Environmental Protection Agency (National Technical Reports Library, 1992) to find the oral toxic nature of disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate /(5858-81-1) Other name: D&C Red 6 upon repeated exposure in mice. In a carcinogenicity study, CD male and female mice were exposed to disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate in the concentration 0 ,0, 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day oral feed. Slight compound related increase in mortality was observed in male mice during last 6 months of study at 7500 mg/kg bw. Hair and exposed skin area appeared red, a reddish brown ventral abdomen and/or anogenital region was observed reddish brown in colour at 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw and anogenital region was observed orange in colored at 75 mg/kg bw. No effect on body weight, food consumption, Organ weight and hematological value of treated mice was observed as compare to control. Similarly, No effect on gross pathology of treated male and female mice was observed as compared to control. Revealed degenerative renal changes were observed in 7500 mg/kg bw treated male mice but it was not compound related .But statically significant lung adenomas were observed in the dose level of 7500 mg/kg bw/day of treated group compare to control. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 1500 mg/kg/day for CD male and female mice, when they were exposed to disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate by oral feed.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Carcinogenicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- carcinogenicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from NTRL.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: As mention below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Pigment Red 57 in male and female mice by oral feed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of the test chemical: disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylateCommon Name: D & C Red No. 6Molecular Formula: C18H12N2Na2O6SMolecular Weight: 430.3468 g/molInChI: 1S/C18H14N2O6S.2Na/c1-10-6-7-14(15(8-10)27(24,25)26)19-20-16-12-5-3-2-4-11(12)9-13(17(16)21)18(22)23;;/h2-9,21H,1H3,(H,22,23)(H,24,25,26);;/q;2*+1/p-2/b20-19+;;Substance Type: OrganicPhysical State: SolidSMILES:Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c3ccccc3cc(C(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c2O)c(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c1
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CD-1
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Details on test animalTEST ANIMALS- Source: Charies river Breeding Laboratories. Iac. Wilningeon - Age at study initiation: (P) x wks; (F1) x wks: P: 36 days- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 24-30 g, Female: 20-24 g- Fasting period before study: No data available - Housing: Animals were housed individually in suspended wire mesh cages and identified ear tagged. - Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Basal laboratory diet, ad libitum. Change from Rodent Laboratory Chow@#5001 to Certified Rodent Chow. - Water (e.g. ad libitum): water, ad libitum- Acclimation period: 2 weeksENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS- Temperature (°C): 71 °- Humidity (%): 53 %- Air changes (per hr): No data available - Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hr light/12hr dark
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- other: Purina Laboratory diet
- Details on exposure:
- VEHICLE- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 years
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Remarks:
- 0, 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Total : 6000 mg/kg body weight/day: 60 male, 60 Female 0 mg/kg body weight/day: 60 male, 60 Female 75 mg/kg body weight/day: 60 male, 60 Female 1500 mg/kg body weight/day: 60 male, 60 Female 7500 mg/kg body weight/day: 60 male, 60 Female
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- Not specified.
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Observations and examinations performed & frequencyCAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes - Time schedule: The mice were observed thrice daily (Monday to Friday) and twice daily (weekend and holiday) for toxicity, morbidity and mortality.DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes - Time schedule: Detail observation recorded weekly.BODY WEIGHT: Yes - Time schedule for examinations: Individual body weight were recorded weekly during the first 14 weeks of study, biweekly (the second seven days of every 2 weeks) during the next 12 weeks and monthly (seven days during the third week of each month.FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes , Individual food consumption were recorded weekly during the first 14 weeks of study, biweekly (the second seven days of every 2 weeks) during the next 12 weeks and monthly (seven days during the third week of each month.- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes / No / No dataFOOD EFFICIENCY:- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes ,but available on request ,but not in this paper. WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): Yes, but available on request, but not in this paper. OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No data availableHAEMATOLOGY: Yes - Time schedule for collection of blood: On 3, 6, 12 and 18 month.- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (identity) / No / No data- Animals fasted: No data available- How many animals: 10 /mice /sex/group- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined.CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes / No / No data- Time schedule for collection of blood:- Animals fasted: Yes / No / No data- How many animals:- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined.URINALYSIS: Yes NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data available.OTHER: Stool analysis was also performed
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- Sacrifice and pathologyGROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes ,After 24 month, all surviving mice were sacrificed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation. Complete external examination was performed, including all orifices, each carcasses and content of abdomen, thoracic and cranial cavities were examined. HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes, The following tissue were weighed and fixed in buffered neutral formalin.Brain ,liver kidney and spleen , abdominal aorta ,adrenal (2)bone and bone marrow, blood amear2,eye, gall bladder,ovary,testis (2)epididymides, heart ,intestine, liver ,lung, lymph node, mammary gland,mandibular,salivary gland nerve pancreas, pituitary ,seminal vesicle, skeleton muscle, skin, spinal cord ,spleen,stomach,thymus,trachea, thyroid ,urinary bladder, uterus and prostrate.
- Statistics:
- Statistically analysis was performed for two tailed pair wise statistical comparisons. Body weight, clinical pathology parameters, organ weight, compared by analysis of one way variances homoginicity of variances by Barrletts test and survival indices compared using Chi- square test were used.
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Clinical sign;No significant changes were observed in treated group dose level 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day compare to control.
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence):
- Mortality; Slight compound related increase in mortality was observed in male mice during last 6 months of study at 7500 mg/kg bw.
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant changes were observed in treated group 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day compare to control.
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant changes were observed in treated group 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day compare to control.
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant changes were observed in treated group dose level 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day compare to control.
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant changes were observed in treated group dose level 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day compare to control.
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Statically significant lung nodule was observed in the dose level of 7500 mg/kg bw/day of treated group compare to control.
- Neuropathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Statically significant alveolar adenoma and renal changes were observed in the dose level of 7500 mg/kg bw/day of treated group compare to control.
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Statically significant lung adenomas were observed in the dose level of 7500 mg/kg bw/day of treated group compare to control.
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 1 500 other: mg/kg body weight/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- gross pathology
- histopathology: neoplastic
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
- Remarks on result:
- other: No carcinogenic effect were observed on this dose concentration.
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- NOAEL was considered to be 1500 mg/kg/day for male and female CD mice ,when they were exposed to disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate byoral feed..
- Executive summary:
In a carcinogenicity study, CD male and female mice were exposed to disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate in the concentration 0 ,0, 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day oral feed. Slight compound related increase in mortality was observed in male mice during last 6 months of study at 7500 mg/kg bw. Hair and exposed skin area appeared red, a reddish brown ventral abdomen and/or anogenital region was observed reddish brown in colour at 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw and anogenital region was observed orange in colored at 75 mg/kg bw. No effect on body weight, food consumption, Organ weight and hematological value of treated mice was observed as compare to control. Similarly, No effect on gross pathology of treated male and female mice was observed as compared to control. Revealed degenerative renal changes were observed in 7500 mg/kg bw treated male mice but it was not compound related .But statically significant lung adenomas were observed in the dose level of 7500 mg/kg bw/day of treated group compare to control. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 1500 mg/kg/day for CD male and female mice, when they were exposed to disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate by oral feed.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 1 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- chronic
- Species:
- mouse
- Quality of whole database:
- Data is from K4 NTRL .
- Organ:
- not specified
Carcinogenicity: via inhalation route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Carcinogenicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Justification for classification or non-classification
Thus based on above annotation for the target chemical disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate /(5858-81-1) Other name: D&C Red 6 and Lithol rubine B(R201) is insufficient to classify the chemical as cacinogen . Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a carcinogen upon repeated exposure by oral route. Further testing is required to clearly judge the test chemical as carcinogen upon repeated exposure.
Additional information
Carcinogenicity ;oral
Various experimental studies were reviewed to determine the carcinogenic nature of disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate /(5858-81-1) Other name: D&C Red 6 and Lithol rubine B(R201)upon repeated exposure by oral route. The studies are as mentioned below:
Chronic oral toxicity study was published by Environmental Protection Agency (National Technical Reports Library, 1992) to find the oral toxic nature of disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate /(5858-81-1) Other name: D&C Red 6 upon repeated exposure in mice. In a carcinogenicity study, CD male and female mice were exposed to disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate in the concentration 0 ,0, 75, 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw/day oral feed. Slight compound related increase in mortality was observed in male mice during last 6 months of study at 7500 mg/kg bw. Hair and exposed skin area appeared red, a reddish brown ventral abdomen and/or anogenital region was observed reddish brown in colour at 1500 and 7500 mg/kg bw and anogenital region was observed orange in colored at 75 mg/kg bw. No effect on body weight, food consumption, Organ weight and hematological value of treated mice was observed as compare to control. Similarly, No effect on gross pathology of treated male and female mice was observed as compared to control. Revealed degenerative renal changes were observed in 7500 mg/kg bw treated male mice but it was not compound related .But statically significant lung adenomas were observed in the dose level of 7500 mg/kg bw/day of treated group compare to control. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 1500 mg/kg/day for CD male and female mice, when they were exposed to disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate by oral feed.
Supported by another experimental study which was published by Environmental Protection Agency (National Technical Reports Library, 1992) to find the oral toxic nature of disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate /(5858-81-1) Other name: D&C Red 6 upon repeated exposure in rat . In a carcinogenicitystudy,Charies river CD®male and femalerat were exposedtodisodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate in the concentration 0, 0, 25, 150 and 1000 mg/kg/day orally in feed. In the parental generation,3 rats were died at 150 mg/kg bw, one rat died at 1000 mg/kg bw and 3 rats were died in in control. No effect onbody weight andfood consumption,ophthalmoscopic examination, haematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, virology and microbiologyof treated male and female rats was observed as comparable to control.Similarly, No effect on reproductive performance such asFertilityindex, gestation index and effect on parturition and lactation were observed as compared to control. No effect onorgan weight and gross pathology were observed as compared to control in P and F1 generation. In addition, anacceleration of testicular changes (degeneration of the testicular tubules) was observed in treated male rat, a common effect in ageing rats. However, at the termination of the study, the increased incidence was not of statistical significance. There were no compound related lesions were observed in F0 generation at all dose of 0, 25, 150, or 1000 mg/kg bw/day compare to control. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for F0 generation and F1 geneartion when Charies river CD®male and female rat were exposed to disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate orally in feed. The test substance was not considered to be carcinogenic for this species as per the study.
T he data available for the target chemical disodium 4-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate /(5858-81-1) Other name: D&C Red 6 and Lithol rubine B(R201) is insufficient to classify the chemical as cacinogen . Also the NOAEL value range can be close to1500mg/kg bw/day. Based on the observations made, D&C Red 6 does not exhibit carcinogenicity upon repeated exposure by oral route. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a carcinogen upon repeated exposure by oral route. Further testing is required to clearly judge the test chemical as carcinogen upon repeated exposure.
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