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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-625-1 | CAS number: 123-41-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Melting point / freezing point
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- melting point/freezing point
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The melting point was calculated using the OPERA calculation Model.
- Melting / freezing pt.:
- 60.3 °C
- Conclusions:
- The melting point of pure choline hydroxide was calculated to be 60.3 °C.
- Executive summary:
The melting point of pure choline hydroxide was calculated with OPERA Model calculation. The melting point was calculated to be 60.3 °C.
- Endpoint:
- melting point/freezing point
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2013-03-06 to 2013-03-07
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented guideline study in accordance with OECD 102
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 102 (Melting point / Melting Range)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- method to determine freezing temperature
- Melting / freezing pt.:
- < -20 °C
- Atm. press.:
- ca. 100 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: The test substance was not frozen, after overnight storage at -20 °C.
- Conclusions:
- The freezing point of a 45 % solution of choline hydroxide was determined in an OECD 102 guideline study and consideration of guidance given in ECHA Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint Specific Guidance December 2016 Section R.7.1.2.1., classified as reliable without restrictions. On removal from the freezer, a visual assessment of the physical state of the test substance was performed and an observation that the test substance was not frozen was recorded. A full study does not need to be conducted below a lower limit of -20 °C. Hence the freezing point of the test item was determined to be < -20 °C in this study. The outcome of this study is considered reasonable and within the scientifically expected ranges.
- Executive summary:
The freezing point of a 45 % aqueous solution of choline hydroxide was determined according to OECD Guideline 102 (Melting point / Melting Range). The freezing point of the test item was determined to be < -20 °C in this study.The study was classified as Klimisch 1 (reliable without restriction) and fully satisfies the requirements of OECD 102.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
- Freezing point of a 45 % aqueous solution of choline hydroxide: < -20 °C at ca. 100.0 kPa (OECD Guideline 102 - Melting point / Melting Range)
- Melting point calculated for pure choline hydroxide (OPERA model): 60.3 °C
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Melting / freezing point at 101 325 Pa:
- 60.3 °C
Additional information
The freezing point of a 45 % solution of choline hydroxide was determined in an OECD 102 guideline study, classified as reliable without restrictions (Klimisch 1) and which meets fully the OECD 102 guideline requirements. Hence, the results in general are considered as reliable.
Although the salt choline hydroxide is a solid compound, it is very hygroscopic and cannot be kept water-free under normal environmental conditions. Furthermore, it is marketed as a 45 % aqueous solution and is therefore the predominantly available form. Hence, it is justified out of scientific reasons and exposure considerations to regard choline hydroxide as aqueous solution. In ECHA guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint Specific Guidance December 2016 Section R.7.1.2.1 is written that a full study does not need to be conducted below a lower limit of -20 °C. Therefore the determination of the freezing point of the test item in a preliminary test as < -20 °C is considered to be sufficient.
The study was classified as Klimisch 1, the tonnage-driven data requirements under REACH are fully met. So, in general, no datagaps were identified, no further testing is required and the freezing point of < -20 °C can be used for human risk assessment.
In addition, the melting point of pure choline hydroxide was calculated with OPERA Model calculation. The melting point was calculated to be 60.3 °C.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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