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EC number: 202-442-1 | CAS number: 95-70-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
A Klimisch-2-rated study on acute oral toxicity with target chemical toluene-2,5-diamine revealed a LD50 of 102 mg/kg bw.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1975-08-01 to 1975-10-07
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Huntingdon study, conducted in 1975, non GLP, report without many details, therefore considered as reliable with restrictions.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- study conducted in 1975
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: CFY
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS- Source: no data- Age at study initiation: no data- Weight at study initiation: 98 - 120 g- Fasting period before study: starved overnight before treatment- Housing: grouping of 5 animals per sex per dose- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): no data- Water (e.g. ad libitum): no data- Acclimation period: no dataENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS- Temperature (°C): no data- Humidity (%): no data- Air changes (per hr): no data - Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): no dataIN-LIFE DATES: no data
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: aquous solution of sodium sulphite (0.05%)
- Details on oral exposure:
- VEHICLE- Concentration in vehicle: 10% solution- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 2.5 mL- Justification for choice of vehicle: no justification given- Lot/batch no. (if required): no data- Purity: no dataMAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 2.5 mL
- Doses:
- 0, 64, 100, 160, and 250 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days - Frequency of observations and weighing: According to the original study report, "during the observation period of 14 days, a record was kept on all mortalities and signs of toxicity".- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight (gain)
- Statistics:
- 95% confidence limits were calculated by the method of Weil C.S. (1952)
- Preliminary study:
- The results of preliminary range finding tests indicated that the median lethal oral dose (LD50) was in the region of 64 to 250 mg/kg bw.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 102 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- 69 - 152
- Mortality:
- Males:0 mg/kg bw: 0 deaths / 5 test animals64 mg/kg bw: 3/5100 mg/kg bw: 4/5160 mg/kg bw: 0/5250 mg/kg bw: 5/5Females:0 mg/kg bw: 0 deaths / 5 test animals64 mg/kg bw: 0/5100 mg/kg bw: 3/5160 mg/kg bw: 5/5250 mg/kg bw: 4/5Deaths occured from 1 hour to 22 hours of treatment.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Lethargy, pilo erection, apraxia and increased salivation. Increase respiratory rate in rats treated at 100 mg/kg bw, and decreased respiratory rate in rats treated above 100 mg/kg bw.
- Gross pathology:
- Autopsy of dead animals revealed slight haemorrhage of lungs, pallor of the spleen, darkening of the liver, and injection of peritoneal blood vessels. for survivors after recovery, the terminal autopsy findings were normal.
- Other findings:
- none reported
- Interpretation of results:
- toxic
- Remarks:
- Migrated informationCriteria used for interpretation of results: OECD GHS
- Conclusions:
- With a LD50 = 102 mg/kg bw, test item toluene-2,5-diamine shall be classified as oral acute toxic category 3, (toxic if swallowed, H301) according to the GHS/CLP classification system.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of test item toluene-2,5 -diamine. The study was conducted in 1975 under non GLP conditions, without many details on the methodology given in the study report. Still the procedure as described in the study report obviously was similar to the protocol as given by OECD Guideline 401, thus the study is considered as reliable.
With a LD50 = 102 mg/kg bw, test item toluene-2,5-diamine shall be classified as oral acute toxic category 3, (toxic if swallowed, H301) according to the GHS/CLP classification system. Within the former DSD classification system the classification as T; R25 (toxic if swallowed) applies. Both classifications are in line with the harmonised classification already given for the test item (Annex VI of CLP regulation, Index # 612 -125 -00 -3).
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 102 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- reliability 2
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Remarks:
- Migrated phrase: estimated by calculation
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable calculated/extrapolated data
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To assess the acute inhalational toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine, a kinetic based calculation was done. The kinetic data were derived from various kinetic studies, and the details of the test methods and the results are provided in this summary (refer to executive summary for details). The derived data were consistent with the determined acute toxicity values (derived by in-vivo studies) from p-phenylenediamine, the most appropriate analogue for toluene-2,5-diamine.
- Test type:
- other: Estimated data by calculation
- Limit test:
- no
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 0.99 mg/L air
- Based on:
- other: kinetic based calculation
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: The calculated inhalational LC50 of 0.99 mg/L for toluene-2,5-diamine is comparable to the determined value for p-phenylenediamine (0.92 mg/L)
- Interpretation of results:
- Toxicity Category IV
- Remarks:
- Migrated informationCriteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Based on the available acute oral toxicity and kinetic data for toluene-2,5-diamine, the extrapolated acute inhalation toxicity (4 h, LC50) of toluene-2,5-diamine was 0.99 mg/L. This value is comparable to the determined value for p-phenylenediamine (0.92 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
To assess the acute dermal and inhalational toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine, a kinetic based calculation was done. The kinetic data were derived from various kinetic studies, and the details of the test methods and the results are provided in the SCCS Opinion1479/12, 26 – 27June 2012.In addition, the calculated data for toluene-2,5-diamine were compared with those of the most appropriate analogue, the p-phenylenediamine (refer to below table).
COLIPA Number
Chemical Name
CAS Number
Acute Toxicity
Oral
LD50
Dermal
LD50
Inhalation LC50
Colipa No. A005
Toluene-2,5-Diamine
95-70-5 (free base)
102 mg/kg bw
(rat)
> 2000 mg/ kg bw
(rat, extrapolated)
0.99 mg/l,
(4h, rat, extrapolated)
Colipa No. A007
p-Phenylenediamine
106-50-3 (free base)
80-100 mg/kg bw
(rat)
> 7940 mg/kg bw
(male/female rabbit)
0.92 mg/l air
(4 h ,rat)
Studies used for the determination of acute toxicity of TOLUENE-2,5-DIAMINE:
Acute Oral Toxicity study result
LD50oral: 102 mg/kg bw in the rat (CFY strain); “The acute median lethal oral dose was calculated to be 102 mg/kg bw (95% confidence limits of 69-152 mg/kg bw)”
Toxicokinetic study results in Sprague Dawley rats:
Dose levels:
IV: 2.5 mg/kg bw
Oral: 2.5, 25 mg/kg bw
Dermal:0.5 mg/cm² equal to 33.3 mg/kg bw
Bioavailability, assuming 100% bioavailability IV
Oral dosing: 69 %
Dermal dosing: 2 %
The studies are summarized as follows in SCCS 1479/12:
“In toxicokinetic studies with Sprague-Dawley rats the comparison of AUCs showed differences between oral (25 mg/kg bw: 112 mgeqx h/l) and dermal application (33 mg/kg bw in formulation: 2.27 mgeqx h/l). Following 2.5 mg/kg bw the AUC was 8.53 mgeqx h/l. The bioavailability (derived from comparison to iv administration) after oral dosing of 10 mg/kg bw was 69% while 2% bioavailability was found after dermal administration in a formulation.”
This summary provides calculation ofextrapolation of the acute inhalation toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine. The summary of calculation of extrapolation of the acute dermal toxicity is provided under section 7.2.3 of IUCLID.
Extrapolation of the acute inhalational toxicity of TOLUENE-2,5-DIAMINE:
Required maximum exposure concentration to test material (OECD 403): 5 mg/L
Assumed body weight of the rat for the calculation: 250 g
Respiratory volume of the rat: 0.074 L/min
Required duration (OECD 403): 4 h
0.074 L/min x 60 min x 4 hour = 17.76L
Toluene-2,5-diamine LD50oral= 102 mg/kg bw in the rat
Calculation:
Maximum achievable exposure regarding required 5 mg/L for 4 hours (OECD 403:
17.76 L x 5 mg/L = 88.8 mg/rat
88.8 mg/0.250 kg bw = 355 mg/kg bw maximum achievable exposure
Oral Bioavailability = 69% (at 25 mg/kg bw, using the data from the toxicokinetic study in Sprague Dawley rats)
Inhalation Bioavailability: Assumed to be 100%
Determination of the correction factor oral vs. inhalation route:
69% oral vs. 100% inhalation = 0.69
LC50 calcinhal.: 102 mg/kg bw x 0.250 kg bw x 0.69/17.76 L = 0.99 mg/L
LC50inhal. forp-phenylenediamine = 0.92 mg/L
LC50 calcinhal. for toluene-2,5-diamine = 0.99 mg/L
The calculated inhalational LC50of 0.99 mg/L for toluene-2,5-diamine is comparable to the determined value forp-phenylenediamine (0.92 mg/L)
The calculated inhalation toxicity value for toluene-2,5-diamine is in the same order of magnitude (0.99 mg/l calculated versus 1.0-5.0 mg/l) as the official classification of Acute Tox Cat 4; H332 in Annex VI of the CLP regulation which is being applied in case of 1 mg/L<LC50<5 mg/L (for dusts/mists).
ASSESSMENT OF VALIDITY:
Since theWeight of Evidence Approach (WoE)used was considered as sufficiently robust to determine the acute inhalation toxic potential of toluene-2,5-diamine, the performance of an animal test for hazard identification purposes was considered to be not justified
In addition the completion of acute toxicity studies ontoluene-2,5-diamine as an ingredient used in cosmetic products would not be considered to comply with the EU regulations regarding animal testing. Furthermore, applying WoE complies with the REACH regulation to avoid animal testing. The validity of the WoE/extrapolation approach used in order to estimate the acute toxicity potential of toluene-2,5-diamine by inhalation route was finally confirmed by the comparison of the extrapolated values on toluene-2,5-diamine with experimental values obtained on the primary member of thep-phenylenediamine family,p-phenylenediamine.
In conclusion, the extrapolated acute inhalation toxicity (4 h, LC50) of toluene-2,5-diamine was 0.99 mg/L. This value is comparable to the determined value for p-phenylenediamine (0.92 mg/L)
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Value:
- 990 mg/m³ air
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Remarks:
- Migrated phrase: estimated by calculation
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable calculated/extrapolated data
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To assess the acute dermal toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine, a kinetic based calculation was done. The kinetic data were derived from various kinetic studies, and the details of the test methods and the results are provided in this summary (refer to executive summary for details). The derived data were consistent with the determined acute toxicity values (derived by in-vivo studies) from p-phenylenediamine, the most appropriate analogue for toluene-2,5-diamine.
- Test type:
- other: Estimated data by calculation
- Limit test:
- no
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 3 520 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- other: kinetic based calculation
- Remarks on result:
- other: The calculated dermal LD50 for toluene-2,5-diamine can be assumed to be > 2000 mg/kg bw, which is consistent with the LD50 dermal for the analogue, p-phenylenediamine
- Interpretation of results:
- not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated informationCriteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Based on the available acute oral toxicity and kinetic data for toluene-2,5-diamine, the extrapolated acute dermal toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine was 3520 mg/kg bw, while the determined LD50 dermal for p-phenylenediamine is > 7940 mg/kg bw. In conclusion, the LD50 dermal for toluene-2,5-diamine can be assumed to be > 2000 mg/kg bw, which is consistent with the LD50 dermal for the analogue, namely p-phenylenediamine
- Executive summary:
To assess the acute dermal and inhalational toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine, a kinetic based calculation was done. The kinetic data were derived from various kinetic studies, and the details of the test methods and the results are provided in the SCCS Opinion1479/12, 26 – 27June 2012.In addition, the calculated data for toluene-2,5-diamine were compared with those of the most appropriate analogue, the p-phenylenediamine (refer to below table).
COLIPA Number
Chemical Name
CAS Number
Acute Toxicity
Oral
LD50
Dermal
LD50
Inhalation LC50
Colipa No. A005
Toluene-2,5-Diamine
95-70-5 (free base)
102 mg/kg bw
(rat)
> 2000 mg/ kg bw
(rat, extrapolated)
0.99 mg/l,
(4h, rat, extrapolated)
Colipa No. A007
p-phenylenediamine
106-50-3 (free base)
80-100 mg/kg bw
(rat)
> 7940 mg/kg bw
(male/female rabbit)
0.92 mg/L air
(4 h ,rat)
Studies used for the determination of acute toxicity of TOLUENE-2,5-DIAMINE:
Acute Oral Toxicity study result
LD50oral: 102 mg/kg bw in the rat (CFY strain); “The acute median lethal oral dose was calculated to be 102 mg/kg bw (95% confidence limits of 69-152 mg/kg bw)”
Toxicokinetic study results in Sprague Dawley rats:
Dose levels:
IV: 2.5 mg/kg bw
Oral: 2.5, 25 mg/kg bw
Dermal:0.5 mg/cm² equal to 33.3 mg/kg bw
Bioavailability, assuming 100% bioavailability IV
Oral dosing: 69 %
Dermal dosing: 2 %
The studies are summarized as follows in SCCS 1479/12:
“In toxicokinetic studies with Sprague-Dawley rats the comparison of AUCs showed differences between oral (25 mg/kg bw: 112 mgeqx h/l) and dermal application (33 mg/kg bw in formulation: 2.27 mgeqx h/l). Following 2.5 mg/kg bw the AUC was 8.53 mgeqx h/l. The bioavailability (derived from comparison to iv administration) after oral dosing of 10 mg/kg bw was 69% while 2% bioavailability was found after dermal administration in a formulation.”
This summary provides calculation ofextrapolation of the acute dermal toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine. The summary of calculation of extrapolation of the acute inhalation toxicity is provided under section 7.2.2 of IUCLID.
Extrapolation of the acute dermal toxicity of TOLUENE-2,5-DIAMINE:
TOLUENE-2,5-DIAMINE LD50oral = 102 mg/kg bw in the rat
Oral bioavailability = 69% (at 25.0 mg/kg bw, using the data from the toxicokinetic study in Sprague Dawley rats)
Dermal bioavailability =2% (at 33.3 mg/kg bw)
Calculation:
Determination of the correction factor oral vs. dermal route
69 % oral vs. 2 % dermal = 34.5 (69 : 2 = 34.5)
LD50 calcdermal: 102 mg/kg bw x 34.5 = 3520 mg/kg bw
Thus, the calculated LD50dermal for toluene-2,5-diamine is 3520 mg/kg bw, while the determined LD50dermal for p-phenylenediamine is > 7940 mg/kg bw.
The calculated dermal toxicity is >2000 mg/kg and does not support the official classification of toluene-2,5-diamine as Acute Tox Cat 4; H312. The calculated classification as not harmful in contact with skin is the same as that determined for the analoguep-phenylenediamine based on a rat study. This is also in contrast to the official classification ofp-phenylenediamine as Acute Tox 3;H311 in Annex VI of the CLP regulation. However, the official classification fortoluene-2,5-diamine as laid down in Annex VI of the CLP regulation is not based on animal data, as stated by the ECHA
ASSESSMENT OF VALIDITY:
Since theWeight of Evidence Approach (WoE)used was considered as sufficiently robust to determine the acute dermal toxic potential of toluene-2,5-diamine, the performance of an animal test for hazard identification purposes was considered to be not justified.
Based on the REACH regulation “REACH VO - Annex VIII, 8.5.3., (3).), testing of the dermal route is only required, if there is a potential for a significant rate of absorption through the skin. The ADME data demonstrated, that the oral bioavailability of toluene-2,5-diaminein rats is 34.5 times higher than the dermal bioavailability
In addition, the completion of acute toxicity studies ontoluene-2,5-diamineas an ingredient used in cosmetic products would not be considered to comply with the EU regulations regarding animal testing. Furthermore, applying WoE complies with the REACH regulation to avoid animal testing. The validity of the WoE/extrapolation approach used in order to estimate the acute toxicity potential of toluene-2,5-diamineby dermal routes was finally confirmed by the comparison of the extrapolated values on toluene-2,5-diaminewith experimental values obtained on the primary member of thep-phenylenediamine family,p-phenylenediamine.
In conclusion, the LD50dermal for toluene-2,5-diaminecan be assumed to be > 2000 mg/kg bw, which is consistent with the LD50 dermal for the analogue, namely p-phenylenediamine.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 3 519 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- reliability 2
Additional information
Acute oral toxicity or LD50 value was determined by oral administration of test substance to five dose groups of rats. Subsequently, observations of effects such as clinical signs, cage side observation and mortality are made for 14 days. The test method employed in this study is comparable to OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity). The LD 50 = 102 mg/kg bw that mean that the substance is harmful by ingestion or H301 toxic by ingestion according to CLP
Based on the available acute oral toxicity and kinetic data for toluene-2,5-diamine, the extrapolated acute dermal toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine can be assumed to be around 3519 mg/kg bw for the free base. Not classified according to CLP but official classification is maintained H312, harmful effect.
Based on the available acute oral toxicity and kinetic data for toluene-2,5-diamine, the extrapolated acute inhalation toxicity (4 h, LC50) of toluene-2,5-diamine was 0.99 mg/L. This value is comparable to the determined value for p-phenylenediamine (0.92 mg/L). It indicate an toxic effect by inhalation H331, the official classifictaion indicated harmful effect H332.
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
Acute oral toxicity or LD50 value was determined by oral administration of test substance toluene-2,5-diamine to five dose groups of rats. Subsequently, observations of effects such as clinical signs, cage side observation and mortality are made for 14 days. The test method employed in this study is comparable to OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint
Based on the available acute oral toxicity and kinetic data for toluene-2,5-diamine, the extrapolated acute inhalation toxicity (4 h, LC50) of toluene-2,5-diamine was 0.99 mg/L. This value is comparable to the determined value for p-phenylenediamine (0.92 mg/L).
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint
Based on the available acute oral toxicity and kinetic data for toluene-2,5-diamine, the extrapolated acute dermal toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine can be assumed to be around 3519 mg/kg bw for the free base.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Acute oral toxicity or LD50 value was determined by oral administration of test substance to five dose groups of rats. Subsequently, observations of effects such as clinical signs, cage side observation and mortality are made for 14 days. The test method employed in this study is comparable to OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity). The LD 50 = 102 mg/kg bw that mean that the subsnace is toxic cat 3 by ingestion according to CLP.
Based on the available acute oral toxicity and kinetic data for toluene-2,5-diamine, the extrapolated acute dermal toxicity of toluene-2,5-diamine can be assumed to be around 3519 mg/kg bw for the free base. But warning , cat 4 should be maintained according to official classification.
Based on the available acute oral toxicity and kinetic data for toluene-2,5-diamine, the extrapolated acute inhalation toxicity (4 h, LC50) of toluene-2,5-diamine was 0.99 mg/L. This value is comparable to the determined value for p-phenylenediamine (0.92 mg/L). It indicate a toxic effect by inhalation, toxic cat 3 according to CLP
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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