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EC number: 222-001-7 | CAS number: 3312-60-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The test substance is harmful if swallowed with an oral LD50 (rat) between 200 - 237 mg/kg bw/d (Abbott Labs, 1963).
After single inhalation whole body exposure of young CD rats to the test compound for 60 minutes, no toxicological effects could be seen during the 14 days observation period after the exposure.
Further, the compound is considered to be a severe skin irritant and possesses the ability to penetrate the skin and produce systemic toxicity and even death in the rabbit. For acute dermal toxicity the LD50 was determined to be between 632 and 2000 mg/kg bw/d.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March 1963
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no statistics provided
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Albino
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- weight range of rats was 170 to 260 grams
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on oral exposure:
- Rats were fasted overnight, then given single oral dose of compound by stomach tube. The compound was given undiluted or as a 1:10 dilution in water.
After dosing, each rat was returned to its cage and provided with water and food. - Doses:
- 100, 215, 464, 1000, 2150 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 per sex and dose
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- After dosing, each rat was returned to its cage and provided with water and food. Close observations for signs of toxicity was maintained on each animal the next one or two hours, and at intervals the rest of the working day. Daily checks were made thereafter for seven days at which the general condition of the rats was evaluated and any deaths recorded.
Survivors at seven days were sacrifieced and gross autopsies performed on representatives remaining from the higher doses. Some animals dying during the first day were also autopsied. - Statistics:
- not specified
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- >= 200 - <= 237 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Key result
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- >= 142 - <= 395 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- >= 137 - <= 291 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Mortality:
- Mortality increased in lower dose groups from day 2 to 7 and in higher dose groups (from 464 mg/kg) from 1h to 2 days (see table)
- Clinical signs:
- other: Excessive salivation, depression, tremors, lacrimation, labored breathing, bloody urine, convulsions
- Gross pathology:
- At lethal doses extensive gastrointestinal hemorrhaging, urinary bladder hemorrhage.
At non lethal doses: Irritation to gastrointestinal tract, enlarged spleen, discolored kidneys and liver - Conclusions:
- Based on the test results of the acute oral toxicity study in rats, the LD50 is estimated to be between 200 - 237 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
The acute oral toxicity of the test compound was determined in groups of albino rats consisting of five males and five females. The test material was administrated by gavage once and the animals were observed for seven days. The tested dose concentrations were 100, 215, 464, 100 and 2150 mg/kg. Based on the test results of the acute oral toxicity study in rats, the LD50 is estimated to be between 200 - 237 mg/kg.
Reference
Mortality by days | |||||||||
Dose in mg/kg | sex | 1 hour | 1 day | 2 days | 3 days | 4 days | 5 days | 6 days | 7 days |
2150 | m | 5/5 | |||||||
f | 5/5 | ||||||||
1000 | m | 5/5 | |||||||
f | 5/5 | ||||||||
464 | m | 4/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 | |||||
f | 5/5 | ||||||||
215 | m | 1/5 | 1/5 | ||||||
f | 2/5 | 2/5 | |||||||
100 | m | 1/5 | 1/5 | ||||||
f | 0/5 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Quality of whole database:
- Klimisch 2
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1978-09-13 to 1978-09-27
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Exposure duration 60 minutes, higher limit dose
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- traditional method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Sprague-Dawley CD rats derived by Charles River
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Test animals purchased from Charles River Breeding Laboratories. Rats were individually housed in metal hanging cages of appropriate size prior to exposure and in plastic crispers with Sanicel bedding during the observation period. All animals were maintained in isolated temperature and humidity controlled animal rooms with filtered air supply and cycled lighting (12 hours of light daily). Purina Laboratory Chow and tested tap water were available ad libitum, except during the exposure time. Rats were acclimated for at least one week prior to initiation of the study.
Rats were selected from stock animals on the basis of body weight and general good health and allocated 5 males and 5 females per dose group. Body weight of young adult rats was between 194 - 238 g. - Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- clean air
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD):
- >= 0.5 - <= 3 µm
- Remark on MMAD/GSD:
- not specified
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- The test material was metered from a 3 L reservoir into the continous feed nebulizer chamber of a Devilbiss Ultrasonic Nebulizer (Model 6582)capable of delivering liquid particles in a size range of 0.5 to 3.0 microns. A steam of filtered air wa passed through the nebulizer to produce concentrated aerosol which was introduced into the chamber at the top. The average nominal exposure concentration was calculated by dividing the total weight loss of the test material by the total volume of air used for aerosolination and dilution over the period of operation. The test atmosphere was exhausted at the bottom through an activated charcoal filter to archieved dynamic flow through the chamber.
- Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of exposure:
- ca. 60 min
- Remarks on duration:
- After single exposure for 60 minutes the rats were observed for the following 14 days
- Concentrations:
- 7.5 mg/L
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 groups of 5 males and 5 females (50 animals)
- Control animals:
- yes
- Remarks:
- exposed to air only
- Details on study design:
- Each dose group was placed in a 400 L stainles steal and glass inhalation chamber and caged individually in stainless steal wire mesh cages ( 5 x 5 x 18 cm).
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 7.5 mg/L air
- Exp. duration:
- 60 min
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects
- Mortality:
- no effects during the 14 day observation period
- Clinical signs:
- other: no signs of toxicity observed
- Body weight:
- no differences between control and dosed groups and no differences between males and females
- Gross pathology:
- Gross necropsy of all rats after 14 days and examination of the major organs did not reveal any remarkable changes that were attributed to treatment.
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this test, the LC50 could not be determined for the test compound. Based on the results, the LC50 would be greater than 7.5 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
After single whole body exposure of young CD rats to the test compound for 60 minutes, no toxicological effects could be seen during the 14 days observation period after the exposure.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Quality of whole database:
- Klimisch 2
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March 1963
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- study review
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- sex not specified, test substance not removed after 24 h, no statistics, only 3 animals per dose group used, shorter observation period of 7 days
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Albino
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Rabbits weighting between 2.0 and 2.8 kg
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on dermal exposure:
- Three dose groups were used in the study. All rabbits were prepared for the test by closely clipping the fur over the trunk and each rabbit was given a single application of the test compound. The test material was spread evenly over the back by a glass rod, and the rabbit was then wrapped in gauze and covered by a further wrapping of rubber damming, fastened with adhesive tape. The rabbits were then returned to their cages where food and water were available.
- Duration of exposure:
- After single exposure of test material, the animals were observed for seven days.
- Doses:
- Group 1 2000 mg/kg 3 rabbits
Group 2 632 mg/kg 3 rabbits
Group 3 200 mg/kg 3 rabbits - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 3 animals per dose
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- Three dose groups. All rabbits were prepared for the test by closely clipping the fur over the trunk and each rabbit was given a single application of the test compound. The test material was spread evenly over the back by a glass rod, and the rabbit was then wrapped in gauze and covered by a further wrappingof rubber damming, fastened with adhesive tape.. The rabbits were then returned to their cages where food and water were available.
- Key result
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD100
- Effect level:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Key result
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 632 - <= 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Mortality:
- All rabbits in the high dose group died within 28 hours after dosing
- Clinical signs:
- other: Considerably pain in the HD and MD dose group because the animals in these dose groups screamed for several minutes after application if test compound
- Gross pathology:
- Badly damaged skin and necrosis in the MD animals. In dead animals of the HD group: Black thickened skin and internally adhesions of cecum and portions of small intestine to the peritoneal lining of one rabbit receiving 632 mg/kg.
- Conclusions:
- The compound is considered to be a severe skin irritant and possesses the ability to penetrate the skin and produce systemic toxicity and even death in the rabbit.
- Executive summary:
Nine albino rabbits were divided into three dose groups of 200, 632 and 2000 mg/kg. The test material was applied to the clipped skin once and then the rabbit was wrapped in gauze and covered by wrapping of rubber damming. All three rabbits of the high dose died within the first 28 h after dosing. All survivors lost 300 - 400 g in body weight. The skin wad badly damaged in all cases and showed severe necrosis. Post-mortem observations on survivors included: black, thickened skin and internally adhesions of cecum and portions of small intestine to the peritoneal lining of one rabbit in MD.
The compound must be considered as severe skin corrosive and possesses the ability to penetrate the skin and to produce systemic toxicity and the LD 50 value was determined to be between 632 and 2000 mg/kg bw/d.
Reference
Acute Dermal toxicity for the Rabbit
Rabbit No | Dose in mg/kg | Body weight initial [kg] | Body weight sacrifice [kg] | Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 | Day 5 | Day 6 | Day 7 | Autopsy |
1 | 2000 | 2.3 | dead | Compound has burned through all layers of skin and the entire intestinal tract appeared hemorrhagic | |||||||
2 | 2000 | 2.0 | XXX | Pupils dilatated, weak, depressed apperance | |||||||
Erythema | dead | ||||||||||
Edema | |||||||||||
3 | 2000 | 1.9 | dead | Compound has burned through skin | |||||||
4 | 632 | 2.0 | 1.7 | Pupils dilated | |||||||
Erythema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Black, necrotic | sac | |||||
Edema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | |||||||
5 | 632 | 2.1 | 1.8 | Pupils dilated | |||||||
Erythema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Black, necrotic | sac | |||||
Edema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | |||||||
6 | 632 | 2.3 | 1.9 | Pupils dilated | |||||||
Erythema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | necrotic | sac | |||||
Edema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | |||||||
7 | 200 | 2.4 | 2.2 | Pupils slightly dilated | |||||||
Erythema | XXX | XXX | XX | XX | necrotic | sac | |||||
Edema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | |||||||
8 | 200 | 2.3 | 2.1 | Pupils slightly dilated | |||||||
Erythema | XXX | XXX | XX | XX | necrotic | sac | |||||
Edema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XX | |||||||
9 | 200 | 2.4 | 2.2 | Pupils slightly dilated | |||||||
Erythema | XXX | XXX | XX | XX | necrotic | sac | |||||
Edema | XXX | XXX | XXX | XX |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Quality of whole database:
- Klimisch 2
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the results of the acute oral study in rats and according to criteria of CLP regulation 1272/2008, the test item is classified in the hazard category 3, required labelling with 'Danger' and 'Toxic if swallowed'. The acute inhalation study showed no toxicity and the substance does not need to be classified. In the dermal acute study, the compound revealed adverse systemic effects and according to GHS has to be classified in the hazard category 3 required labelling with 'Danger' and 'Toxic in contact with skin'.
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