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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 296-120-8 | CAS number: 92257-31-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.07 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 37.5
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 2.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Oral Dose modified in accordance with ECHA guidance to derive an Inhalation NOAEC
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default - clear dose response with a Clear NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 3
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from a mid-term study period to a chronic study period. In the 2011 publication of Batke et al. (2011) an analysis of the RepDose database to derive appropriate assessment factors for extrapolating a NOEL from a shorter to a longer term study was presented. The study determined that in many cases the default factors proposed in the ECHA guidance document are unnecessarily conservative and that in the case of rapidly metabolised substances that do not have the potential to bioaccumulate lower factors can be used to extrapolate from shorter to longer durations. The available data for this substance indicate it is not well absorbed, readily metabolised with a low volume of distribution and thus does not have the potential to bioaccumulate. Consequently a lower factor of 3 is considered appropriate for the duration extrapolation.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default - taken into account in route to route extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA defauls
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Multiple studies available with consistent effects
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No additional Uncertainties identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.04 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
ECHA default approach taking into consideration the differences in bioavailability via the oral and dermal route
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Default
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 3
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from a mid-term study period to a chronic study period. In the 2011 publication of Batke et al. (2011) an analysis of the RepDose database to derive appropriate assessment factors for extrapolating a NOEL from a shorter to a longer term study was presented. The study determined that in many cases the default factors proposed in the ECHA guidance document are unnecessarily conservative and that in the case of rapidly metabolised substances that do not have the potential to bioaccumulate lower factors can be used to extrapolate from shorter to longer durations. The available data for this substance indicate it is not well absorbed, readily metabolised with a low volume of distribution and thus does not have the potential to bioaccumulate. Consequently a lower factor of 3 is considered appropriate for the duration extrapolation.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default - starting point is a study in rats
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
Starting point for the DNEL derivation for all routes and durations is the NOAEL from the OECD 422 performed by MPU research in 2005.
The NOAEL was 2 mg/kg for both males and females and is based on both systemic toxicity and reproductive/developmental toxicity.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.017 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
ECHA default approach for reoute to route extrapolation from Oral rat study to human inhalation exposure level.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 3
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from a mid-term study period to a chronic study period. In the 2011 publication of Batke et al. (2011) an analysis of the RepDose database to derive appropriate assessment factors for extrapolating a NOEL from a shorter to a longer term study was presented. The study determined that in many cases the default factors proposed in the ECHA guidance document are unnecessarily conservative and that in the case of rapidly metabolised substances that do not have the potential to bioaccumulate lower factors can be used to extrapolate from shorter to longer durations. The available data for this substance indicate it is not well absorbed, readily metabolised with a low volume of distribution and thus does not have the potential to bioaccumulate. Consequently a lower factor of 3 is considered appropriate for the duration extrapolation.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Taken into consideration in the route to route extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.02 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
ECHA default approach for route to route extrapolation
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 3
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from a mid-term study period to a chronic study period. In the 2011 publication of Batke et al. (2011) an analysis of the RepDose database to derive appropriate assessment factors for extrapolating a NOEL from a shorter to a longer term study was presented. The study determined that in many cases the default factors proposed in the ECHA guidance document are unnecessarily conservative and that in the case of rapidly metabolised substances that do not have the potential to bioaccumulate lower factors can be used to extrapolate from shorter to longer durations. The available data for this substance indicate it is not well absorbed, readily metabolised with a low volume of distribution and thus does not have the potential to bioaccumulate. Consequently a lower factor of 3 is considered appropriate for the duration extrapolation.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default: Rat study is the starting point for DNEL derivation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.