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EC number: 201-730-4 | CAS number: 87-20-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All concentration levels, the solvent control and the control
- Sampling frequency: after 0 (start of exposure), 24, 48 and 72 hours (end of the exposure). Separate replicates for each test item concentration and control for the test item analysis at the beginning of the exposure were prepared with algae. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The stock solutions were prepared in measuring flasks (10 mL capacity). The test item was pipetted into the measuring flasks and filled up with the solvent. Therefore, the density was taken into account. The stock solutions were agitated. The test concentrations were prepared by adding 0.1 mL/L of the appropriate stock solutions to the dilution water. These solutions will be agitated and used for testing.
- Controls: Control and solvent control
- Chemical name of vehicle: Acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: Acetone was used to achieve the maximum solubility. Preliminary test with the slow stirring method were carried out. This method was not suitable to prepare concentrations near the maximum water solubility. Stirring phases of several days would be necessary and could also produce relevant concentrations of the degradation products. 0.1 mL/L in the stock solution, final test solutions and solvent control
- Evidence of undissolved material: none - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green alga
- Strain: HINDAK, SAG 61.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG) Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen; 37073 Göttingen, Germany: Cultivated at test facility.
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 2567 - 5130 lux for 24 hours per day.
- Culture medium: Nutrient medium Z according to Lüttge et al. (1994) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22.5 °C
- pH:
- 7.6 - 8.7
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: control - 0.0200 - 0.0632 - 0.200 - 0.632 - 2.00 - 6.32 mg/L
TWA concentrations: < LOQ - 0.0172 - 0.0331 - 0.0960 - 0.247 - 0.742 - 2.71 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Type: open
- Material, size, fill volume: Sterile Erlenmeyer flasks, volume: 250 mL, sealed with cotton
wool plugs, 100 mL test volume
- Initial cells density: 6839 cells/ml
- Control end cells density:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Threefold concentrated AAP medium according to the guidelines
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement:
- pH: at the start of exposure were measured in one additional replicate of each test item concentration, solvent control and the control. At the end of exposure, the pH-values were
measured from pooled samples of each test item concentration, solvent control and the control
- Room temperature: was measured continuously
- Light intensity: prior to the start of exposure
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 24 hours/day light
- Light intensity and quality: Mean light intensity: 5656 lux (range: 5005 to 6053 lux)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of cell concentrations: The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm.
- Microscopic evaluation: Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end of the incubation period was carried out. The cells were checked for unusual cell shapes, colour differences, differences in chloroplast morphology, flocculation, adherence of algae to test containers and agglutination of algae cells.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.16
- Range finding study: yes (
- Test concentrations: 100, 10, 1 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 0.9 47-1.6 1 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.442 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 0.228 - 0.602 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.247 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.298 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.041 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.017 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes, > 232-fold
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment:none
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- ErC50 (72 h) = 0.559 mg/L
EyC50 (72 h) = 0.32 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - NOEC and LOEC were determined by calculation of analysis statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield
- Statistical tests:
- Shapiro-Wilk’s test on normal distribution was carried out with a significance level 0.01.
- Monotonicity was done by trend analysis by contrasts (significance level 0.05) for growth rate.
- Levene’s test on variance homogeneity was carried out with a significance level 0.01.
- Multiple sequentially-rejective Welsh-t-test after Bonferroni-Holm was calculated with a significance level of 0.05 for yield.
- William’s Multiple Sequential t-test on significant differences was done with a significance level 0.05 for growth rate.
The difference between control and solvent control was determined by calculation of statistically significant differences of growth rates
and yield. A t-test was used for calculations. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is a=0.05. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 1.12 mg/L and 0.296 mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were 0.442 mg/L and 0.0407 mg/L, respectively.
Reference
Mean cell densities
Time weighted average test item concentration |
Cell density [cells/mL] |
|||
[mg/L] |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
2.71 |
6839 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
0.742 |
6839 |
14037 |
69213 |
533566 |
0.247 |
6839 |
18654 |
109348 |
878434 |
0.0928 |
6839 |
23506 |
160272 |
1453705 |
0.0331* |
6839 |
19248 |
92786 |
577758 |
0.0172 |
6839 |
31123 |
239392 |
1730348 |
Solvent Control |
6839 |
34605 |
252808 |
1784587 |
Control |
6839 |
29683 |
199879 |
1586058 |
n.a. = not applicable (Limit of quantification of the cell density (2736 cells/mL).
* This concentration is not taken into account due to a contamination of the measuring cylinder that was used for the preparation of this treatment.
Calculated Concentrations of the Test Item from the Measured Concentration of the Metabolite Isoamyl alcohol and the Test item
Values presented as Isoamyl salicylate
Sampling date |
2017-07-24 0 h |
2017-07-25 24 h |
2017-07-26 48 h |
||||||
Start of analysis |
2017-07-24 |
2017-07-25 |
2017-07-26 |
||||||
Nominal [mg/L] |
Conc. [mg/L] |
Conc. [mg/L] |
Conc. [mg/L] |
||||||
1) |
2) |
3) |
1) |
2) |
3) |
1) |
2) |
3) |
|
6.32 |
4.60 |
0.0156 |
4.62 |
3.41 |
0.103 |
3.52 |
2.17 |
0.148 |
2.32 |
2.00 |
1.59 |
0.00591 |
1.60 |
1.06 |
0.0317 |
1.09 |
0.527 |
0.0329 |
0.560 |
0.631 |
0.654 |
0.00591 |
0.660 |
0.331 |
0.0143 |
0.345 |
0.160 |
0.0172 |
0.177 |
0.200 |
0.202 |
0.00591 |
0.208 |
0.130 |
0.00932 |
0.140 |
0.0584 |
0.0148 |
0.0732 |
0.0632 * |
0.0527 |
0.00591 |
0.0586 |
0.0347 |
0.0106 |
0.0453 |
0.0174 |
0.00885 |
0.0262 |
0.0200 |
0.0181 |
0.00591 |
0.0240 |
0.0108 |
0.00868 |
0.0195 |
0.00748 |
0.00954 |
0.0170 |
continued
Sampling date |
2017-07-27 72 h |
|
||
Start of analysis |
2017-07-27 |
Time Weighted Average Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
||
Nominal [mg/L] |
Conc. [mg/L] |
|||
1) |
2) |
3) |
||
6.32 |
1.15 |
0.146 |
1.30 |
2.71 |
2.00 |
0.234 |
0.0467 |
0.280 |
0.742 |
0.631 |
0.0836 |
0.00830 |
0.0919 |
0.247 |
0.200 |
0.0301 |
0.00591 |
0.0360 |
0.0960 |
0.0632 * |
0.00999 |
0.00591 |
0.0159 |
0.0331 |
0.0200 |
0.00400 |
0.00591 |
0.00991 |
0.0172 |
Conc. = Concentration of the test item (enrichment and dilution factor taken into account)
1) = Measured concentration of test item
2) = Calculated concentration of test item from measured concentration of the metabolite Isoamyl alcohol calculated with molar ratio to test item; (molar ratio = M(test item) / M(Isoamyl alcohol)
3) = Summarized concentration of test item
* = This concentration is not taken into account due to a contamination of the measuring cylinder that was used for the preparation of this treatment.
Description of key information
ErC50 (72 h) = 1.12 mg/L (TWA;Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; OECD 201)
ErC10 (72 h) = 0..442 mg/L (TWA; Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; OECD 201)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 1.12 ng/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.442 ng/L
Additional information
For this endpoint one test is available. The influence of test item on the growth of the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was assessed in a study conducted according to OECD Guideline 201 and GLP.
The study was performed under static conditions. For preparing the sock solutions a slow stirring procedure was not appropriate since the test item hydrolysis fastly. Therefore, to achieve the maximum solubility of the test item Acetone was used as a solvent. Six test item concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 3.16: 0.0200 - 0.0632 - 0.200 - 0.632 - 2.00 - 6.32 mg/L. All concentration levels and the (solvent) control were analytically verified via GC-MS after 0 (start of exposure), 24, 48 and 72 hours (end of the exposure). Analytical monitoring also comprised the degradation product Isoamyl alcohol.
Using the sum of the measured concentrations of the test item and the calculated amount resulted from the metabolite (molecular ratio was taken into account) the time weighted average (TWA) concentrations were calculated (0.0172 – 0.0331 – 0.0960 – 0.247 – 0.742 – 2.71 mg/L).
The EC50-values with for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 1.12 mg/L and 0.296 mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 0.442 mg/L and 0.0407 mg/L, respectively.
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