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EC number: 202-491-9 | CAS number: 96-23-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Salmonella mutagenicity tests IV Results from the testing of 300 chemicals
- Author:
- Zieger et al
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ Mol. Mutagen 11( Suppl 12) 1-158
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- The study
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol
- EC Number:
- 202-491-9
- EC Name:
- 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol
- Cas Number:
- 96-23-1
- Molecular formula:
- C3H6Cl2O
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol
- Test material form:
- liquid
1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- purchased from Aldrich chemical
Label purity 95%
analysed purity 94%
Method
- Target gene:
- HIstidine loci
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 97
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 fraction
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0 to 6666 µg/plate- The substance was initially tested in half log dose intervals upto the dose that elcited toxicity in the initial toxicity screen. At least 5 doses were tested in tripplicate.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- sodium azide
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine TA98 without metabolic activation; 2-aminoanthracene all strains with metabolic activaiton
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Cultures were grown overnight with shaking at 37°C in Oxoid No. 2 broth, and their phenotypes were analyzed prior to their use for mutagenicity assays.
Preparation of Liver S-9 Fractions The S-9 (9,OOOg supernatant) fractions of Aroclor 1254-induced, male Sprague- Dawley rat and male Syrian hamster livers were prepared. The S-9 mixes were prepared immediately prior to use and contained 10% S-9; The substance was tested in the absence of metabolic activation and with rat and hamster S-9 fractions.
A preincubation assay was performed . The test chemical (0.05 ml), Salmonella culture (0.10 ml), and S-9 mix or buffer (0.50 ml) were incubated at 37"C, without shaking, for 20 min. Chemicals known or suspected to be volatile were incubated in capped tubes. The top agar was added and the contents of the tubes were mixed and poured onto the surface of petri dishes containing Vogel-Bonner medium. The histidine-independent (his') colonies arising on these plates were counted following two days incubation at 37°C. Plates were machine counted (New Brunswick, Edison, NJ; Artek, Farmingdale, NY) unless precipitate was present which interfered with the count, or the color of the test chemical on the plate reduced the contrast between the colonies and the background agar. At the discretion of the investigators, plates with low numbers of colonies were counted by hand.
1) Testing in strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535, 10% S-9 was used. 2) The first test of a chemical was without activation and with 10% S-9 in the S-9 mix. If a positive result was obtained the test was repeated. If the tests were negative they were repeated without S-9 and with 30% S-9. 3) The order of use of 10% and 30% S-9 was reversed. 4) Initial testing was in strains TA98 and TA100 without activation and with 30% rat and hamster S-9s. If a positive result was obtained in one of these two strains it was repeated and the other strains were not used. If the tests were negative, the other strains were used with 30% and 10% S-9. A chemical was not designated nonmutagenic unless it had been tested in strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA97 and/or TA1537, without activation and with 10% and 30% rat and hamster $9. Occasionally, 5% S-9 was also used in all protocol variations.
All chemicals were tested initially in a toxicity assay to determine the appropri- ate dose range for the mutagenicity assay. The toxicity assay was performed using TA1OO. Toxic concentrations were those that produced a decrease in the number of his+ colonies, or a clearing in the density of the background lawn, or both. - Rationale for test conditions:
- Standard for the reverese mutation assay
- Evaluation criteria:
- Evaluations were made at both the individual trial and overall chemical levels. Individual trials were judged mutagenic (+), weakly mutagenic (+ W), questionable (?), or nonmutagenic (-), depending on the magnitude of the increase of his+ revertants, and the shape of the dose-response. A trial was considered questionable (?) if the dose-response was judged insufficiently high to support a call of “ +W,” if only a single dose was elevated over the control, or if the increase seen was not dose related. During the study the standard evaluaiton critieria fro a positive result were not applied: 3 fold increase overcurrent solvent control for TA1535 and TA97 and 2 fold increase over solvent control for TA 98, TA100. Thes ehave been applied in the current analysis.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 97
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 97
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Dose |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA97 |
TA98 |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
no S9 |
Hamster S9 |
Rat S9 |
no S9 |
Hamster S9 |
Rat S9 |
no S9 |
Hamster S9 |
Rat S9 |
no S9 |
Hamster S9 |
Rat S9 |
||||||||||||
µg/plate |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
Mean |
SEM |
0 |
133 |
9.1 |
89 |
1.5 |
125 |
4 |
27 |
4.4 |
9 |
2.9 |
11 |
2.5 |
132 |
6.6 |
150 |
11.5 |
184 |
12.7 |
15 |
0.9 |
28 |
3.4 |
26 |
1.2 |
100 |
147 |
4.7 |
177 |
3.5 |
139 |
3.8 |
28 |
4.2 |
27 |
1.5 |
14 |
1.3 |
126 |
1.5 |
148 |
3.1 |
174 |
9.7 |
17 |
3.3 |
32 |
3.8 |
31 |
2.1 |
333 |
182 |
7.2 |
359 |
11.8 |
173 |
21.5 |
59 |
5.5 |
34 |
2.4 |
23 |
3.3 |
140 |
4.9 |
151 |
10.7 |
183 |
13.2 |
17 |
3.8 |
31 |
2.8 |
28 |
3.2 |
1000 |
272 |
7.5 |
725 |
13.5 |
247 |
20.9 |
195 |
12.8 |
218 |
18.9 |
59 |
7.9 |
138 |
10.5 |
259 |
11.7 |
209 |
4.4 |
19 |
4.2 |
39 |
0.6 |
40 |
6.2 |
3333 |
511 |
15.1 |
1936 |
30.7 |
545 |
9.4 |
517 |
12.6 |
525 |
12.7 |
236 |
15.8 |
151 |
11.8 |
485 |
10 |
227 |
8.7 |
23 |
4 |
59 |
3.1 |
37 |
1.5 |
6666 |
934 |
9.9 |
2350 |
18.5 |
852 |
34.4 |
828 |
12.9 |
734 |
29.6 |
324 |
9.2 |
148 |
7 |
749 |
12.2 |
265 |
3.5 |
20 |
1.5 |
64 |
3.3 |
49 |
7.2 |
POS |
521 |
10.7 |
446 |
25.7 |
801 |
34.9 |
336 |
16.2 |
43 |
3.1 |
176 |
13.3 |
238 |
16.2 |
293 |
10.3 |
1438 |
46.7 |
157 |
9.6 |
143 |
9.4 |
247 |
8 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Based upon the positive responses observed in all four strains tested, it can be concluded that the substance is a potential mutagen.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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