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EC number: 236-031-3 | CAS number: 13106-76-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed to evaluate the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate. The study was performed at dose level of 10µM using human lymphocytes. The duration of exposure was 24 hrs. Ammonium molybdate induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes and hence is likely to be mutagenic in vitro.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from Secondary literature
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Refer below principle
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed to evaluate the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: Chromosomal aberration assay
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: Ammonium molybdate
- Molecular formula: MoO42H4N
- Molecular weight: 196.0132 g/mol
- Substance type: Inorganic
- Physical state: No data
- Purity: No data
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data - Target gene:
- No data
- Species / strain / cell type:
- lymphocytes: Human
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- No data
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Cytokinesis block (if used):
- No data
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation system:
- No data
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 10 µM
- Vehicle / solvent:
- No data
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Positive control substance:
- not specified
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: No data
DURATION
- Preincubation period: No data
- Exposure duration: 24 hrs
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): No data
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): No data
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): No data
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): No data
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): No data
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): No data
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: No data
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: No data
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index; cloning efficiency; relative total growth; other: No data
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: No data
- Determination of endoreplication: No data
- Other: No data
OTHER: No data - Rationale for test conditions:
- No data
- Evaluation criteria:
- The slides were observed for induction of chromosome aberrations
- Statistics:
- No data
- Species / strain:
- lymphocytes: Human
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Additional information on results:
- No data
- Conclusions:
- Ammonium molybdate induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes and hence is likely to be mutagenic in vitro.
- Executive summary:
In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed to evaluate the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate. The study was performed at dose level of 10µM using human lymphocytes. The duration of exposure was 24 hrs. Ammonium molybdate induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes and hence is likely to be mutagenic in vitro.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available (further information necessary)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Gene mutation in vitro:
Data from the target chemical and read across chemicals was reviewed to determine the mutagenic nature of Ammonium molybdate. The summary is as mentioned below:
In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed ( Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety, a Committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands, 2013) to evaluate the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate. The study was performed at dose level of 10µM using human lymphocytes. The duration of exposure was 24 hrs. Ammonium molybdate induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes and hence is likely to be mutagenic in vitro.
In the same study, Micronucleus assay was performed to evaluate the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate. The study was performed at dose level of 0.1- 2 mM using human lymphocytes. Ammonium molybdate induced a concentration-related increase of the number of micronucleated cells in human lymphocytes and hence is likely to be mutagenic in vitro. Viability of the cells ranged between 61% and 68%, which is above the minimum of 40 to 50% cell viability according to the OECD guidelines.
Sister chromatid exchange assay was performed to evaluate the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate. The study was performed at dose level of 10µM using human lymphocytes. The duration of exposure was 24 hrs. Ammonium molybdate induced sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes and hence is likely to be mutagenic in vitro.
Genetic toxicity test was performed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae / diploid D7 strains to study the effect of ammonium molybdate by gene conversion at the trp locus and reverse mutation at the ilv locus. A tube of YEPD broth (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% dextrose w/v) was inoculated with D7 and grown overnight at 30°C with shaking. Appropriate dilutions of 106and 105cells were spread on complete growth medium. After the spread aliquot had 'dried, a centre well was made by pressing the mouth of a sterile (8 cm × 1 cm) test tube into the medium and the agar plug was removed with sterile forceps. Salts were dissolved in sterile distilled water at a concentration of 0.1 M and added to the well. Plates were incubated overnight at 30°C. As the solution diffuses into the medium a concentration gradient is produced, and a zone of killing around the well indicates chemical toxicity. These plates were replica plated onto medium lacking tryptophan and medium lacking isoleucine and valine. The plates were observed for gene conversion at trp and reverse mutation at ilv were indicated by a ring of colonies on the tryptophanless and isoleucineless plates. Ammonium molybdate did not induce gene conversion at trp and reverse mutation at the ilv locus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and hence it is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
In a study for structurally and functionally similar read across chemical, Gene mutation toxicity study was performed by Zeiger et al (Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, 1992) to determine the mutagenic nature of molybdenum trioxide (RA CAS no 1313 -27 -5). The study was performed using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system. The chemical was dissolved in acetone as solvent and used at dose levels 0, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 or 10000 µg/plate by the preincubation method. The doses were selected on the basis of preliminary dose range finding study and concurrent solvent and positive controls were included in the study. Molybdenum trioxide did not induce mutation in Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
The studies summarized to determine the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate are inadequate to conclude whether or not the test chemical showed clastogenic effect. Also in the another study mentioned, the increase in the micronucleated cells was minimal. Thus, based on the other data available for the target chemical and its read across, Ammonium molybdate does not exhibit gene mutatation in vitro. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro. Further testing must be supported to determine the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The studies summarized to determine the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate are inadequate to conclude whether or not the test chemical showed clastogenic effect. Also in the another study mentioned, the increase in the micronucleated cells was minimal. Thus, based on the other data available for the target chemical and its read across, Ammonium molybdate does not exhibit gene mutatation in vitro. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro. Further testing must be supported to determine the mutagenic nature of ammonium molybdate.
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