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EC number: 297-049-5 | CAS number: 93333-79-0 The residuum from the burning of a combination of plants.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11269-2 (Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 2: Effects of contaminated soil on the emergence and early growth of higher plants)
- Version / remarks:
- (1995)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Test were performed to fulfill the requirements of 2000/532/EG and Dir 91/689/EEC, GLP was not required for that purpose
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ashes (residues)
- EC Number:
- 268-627-4
- EC Name:
- Ashes (residues)
- Cas Number:
- 68131-74-8
- Molecular formula:
- Not available / UVCB substance
- IUPAC Name:
- FBC Ash (residues of coal combustion in fluidized bed combustion boilers)
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- Wirbelschichtasche (WSA)
1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
mg/kg (in solid FBC ash samples)
Arsenic (As) 10.8
Cadmium, Cd 0.93
Cobalt (Co) 8.17
Chromium (Cr) 47.4
Copper (Cu) 140
Molybdenum (Mo) 16.7
Nickel (Ni) 27.3
Lead (Pb) 65.5
Antimony (Sb) 9.34
Selenium (Se) 5.76
Vanadium (V) 104
Zinc (Zn) 415
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test substrate
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- In these experiments, the respective test organisms were exposed to a series of dilutions (=mixtures of the sample to be tested with a control material). Each dilution stage was characterized by its G value (new designation: LID value = Lowest Ineffective Dilution (ISO 2006)), i.e. the reciprocal dilution factor (e.g. G value = 4 corresponds to a mixture of 25% sample plus 75% control material)
Taking into account the moisture of the samples and the standard soil, 7200 g dry weight of the mixture were prepared per dilution stage
- each testing vessel was filled with 900 g (± 10 g) of this mixture
Test organisms
open allclose all
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- Brassica napus (variety: LIFORUM, LUFA, Speyer)
The seeds were stored in the dark at 4°C between trials.
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- Avena sativa (variety: ARAGON, Saat-Union GmbH, Iserhagen)
The seeds were stored in the dark at 4°C between trials.
Study design
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Remarks:
- LUFA standard soil 2.3
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 15 d
- Remarks:
- starting on the day when at least 50% of the seeds had germinated in the control vessels (Day 0)
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 23 ± 3°C
- Moisture:
- 40-50%
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (type, material, size): Plastic cups (Göttinger plant pots, 120×120×120 mm)
- Amount of soil: Taking into account the moisture of the samples and the standard soil, 7200 g dry weight of the mixture were prepared per dilution stage
- each testing vessel was filled with 900 g (± 10 g) of this mixture
- Method of seeding: Sowing was carried out using tweezers at a depth of about 1 cm. After the emergence assessment, the seedlings per replica were thinned out to 5 representative representatives distributed evenly over the pot.
- No. of seeds per container: 10
- No. of plants (retained after thinning): 5
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
LUFA standard soil 2.3
NUTRIENT MEDIUM (if used)
Substral plant mutrient medium (Scotts Celaflor GmbH and Co. KG, Ingelheim); Dilution: 70 mL fertilizer in 10 L deionized water
GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: , the light/dark phase was 16/8 h.
- Light intensity and quality: The light intensity was 13000 ± 2000 lx
- Day/night temperatures: 23 ± 3°C
- Relative humidity (%): 40-50%
- Watering regime and schedules: The test vessels were individually placed in reservoirs filled with 100 mL deionized water so that the test mixtures could soak up the water
- Water source/type: deionized water
- Volume applied: 100 mL
- Interval of applications: one time
- Method of application: the test vessels were placed in the reservoirs
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
The plants were scored at the end of the test, the end point "fresh weight" was determined. In addition, the above-ground shoot length and optical abnormalities such as chlorosis, necrosis and deformation were recorded, which provide information about possible phytotoxicity.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: In the first step, a preliminary test with the dilution levels 1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 and one or two replicates each was carried out with test substance. The preliminary test must be repeated in order to be able to determine suitable dilution levels for the dose-effect test
- Test concentrations:
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Based on the results of these preliminary tests, full dose-response tests according to ISO 11269-2 (1995) were set up in a second step, the samples were tested with LUFA standard soil 2.3 in three to five dilution stages mixed: 1/64; 1/32; 1/16; 1/8; 1/4 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 66.7 other: g/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 66.7 - 142.8 other: g/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Details on results:
- see table 1 and table 2 for individual growth inhibition
Any other information on results incl. tables
Tab. 1: Weight inhibition in the plant growth tests with Avena sativa (oats); Effective threshold: 30%
Dilution level | 1/64 1,6 % | 1/32 3,1 % | 1/16 6,25 % | 1/ 8 12,5 % | 1/4 25 % |
reduction of fresh weight (%) | 8,2 | -5,5 | 27,9 | - | - |
Tab. 2 Weight inhibition in the plant growth tests with Brassica napus (rapeseed); Effective threshold: 30%
Dilution level | 1/64 1,6 % | 1/32 3,1 % | 1/16 6,25 % | 1/ 8 12,5 % | 1/4 25 % |
reduction of fresh weight (%) | -11,3 | -30,2 | 32,9 | 81,1 | 95,6 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the EC50 for growth rate was not calculated but determined to lie between EC50 = 66.7 - 142.9 g/kg soil dw for Brassica napus and for Avena sativa: EC50 > 66.7 g/kg soil dw.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of Ashes from fluidized bed combustion coal fired power stations with and without co-combustion of secondary fuels (FBC Ash) to plants was assessed by Römbke (2008) according to the ISO 11269-2 Soil quality — Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora — Part 2: Effects of chemicals on the emergence and growth of higher plants (1995). During an exposure period of 15 days the plant species Avena sativa (Monocotyledonae) and Brassica napus (Dicotyledonae) were exposed to different concentrations of FBC ash in soil. The test starting on the day when at least 50% of the seeds had germinated in the control vessels (Day 0).
The plants were scored at the end of the test, the end point "fresh weight" was determined. In addition, the above-ground shoot length and optical abnormalities such as chlorosis, necrosis and deformation were recorded, which provide information about possible phytotoxicity.
Under the conditions of this study, the EC50 for growth rate was not calculated but determined to lie between EC50 = 66.7 - 142.9 g/kg soil dw for Brassica napus and for Avena sativa: EC50 > 66.7 g/kg soil dw.
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