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EC number: 284-892-9 | CAS number: 84989-04-8 The fraction of tar acid rich in 3- and 4-methylphenol, recovered by distillation of low-temperature coal tar crude tar acids.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- two-generation reproductive toxicity
- Remarks:
- based on test type (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 989
- Report date:
- 1989
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: TSCA Health Effects Test Guideline for specific organ/tissue toxicity - Reproduction/Fertility effects (EPA, 1983)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- o-cresol
- EC Number:
- 202-423-8
- EC Name:
- o-cresol
- Cas Number:
- 95-48-7
- Molecular formula:
- C7H8O
- IUPAC Name:
- o-cresol
- Details on test material:
- IUCLID4 Test substance: other TS: o-cresol, purity: 99.7 %
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Kingston, NY
- Age at study initiation: 6 wks (P) ;
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 193-194g; Females: ca. 151 g;
- Housing: initially 2/same sex during acclimation period; and then singly except for the cohabitation and lactation periods
- Diet : ad libitum
- Water : ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature :68-74°F
- Humidity (%): 40-60
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Dosing formulations were prepared by weighing the amount of test chemical into a volumetric flask and diluting to volume with certified corn oil.
The resulting solutions were mixed by repeated inversions and stored at room temperature.
- Details on mating procedure:
- - M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: 21 days
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- After 7 days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility.
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: no
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged singly
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: no - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- A standard stock solution was prepared (1mg/ml propanol),which was used to prepare standards ranging fron 10 to 100 ng/µl. With these solutiower a standard curve was generated using HPLC. Dosing formulation concentrations were veryfied by preparing aliquots which were injected onto the HPLC column. The measured concentration of each dosing solution was then calculated from the equitation for the standard curve developed by linear regression.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Exposure period: 27 w
Premating exposure period (males): 10 weeks
Premating exposure period (females): 10 weeks - Frequency of treatment:
- once per day , 5 d/w
F1 generation producing F2: once per day, 7 days per week - Details on study schedule:
- at day 28-40 post partum F1 animals selected to be parents of the F2 generation were gavaged with their respective formulations for at least
11 weeks 5 days/week.
the F1 animals were approximately 15 to 17 weeks of age at the initiation of the mating period.
They were dosed from that time point 7 days/week. Mating procedure was performed as done with the P-generation
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 30, 175, 450 mg/kg/day in corn oil
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 25 animals/sex/group
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- no further data
- Positive control:
- no data
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- Mortality: twice daily
General conditon: daily throughout the course of the study including skin and fur, eyes and mucous membranes, respiratory symptoms, circulatory system, autonomic and central nervous system, somatomotor activity, behavior pattern
Body weight determination
male, female: initially and weekly until mating
female during gestation : day 0, 7, 13, 20 post partum: day 0, 4, 7, 14, 21
Food consumption
measured weekly during pre-breed dosing period for P and F1 generation; all other phases of this sutdy determination was made visually - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- vaginal smears were examined to determe pregnancy
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- no data
- Litter observations:
- STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: yes
- If yes, maximum of 8 pups/litter (4 sex/litter as nearly as possible); excess pups were killed and discarded.
PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in [F1 / F2 / F3] offspring:
number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, postnatal mortality, presence of gross anomalies, weight gain, physical or behavioural abnormalities
GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
yes, for external and internal abnormalities; possible cause of death was not determined for pups born or found dead. - Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- SACRIFICE
- Male animals: All surviving animals after the completion of the mating period
- Maternal animals: All surviving animals after the F1 and F2 litters have been weaned
GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.
A complete gross necropsy was conducted for any parental animal dying on test.
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Male and female adult rats of the highest dose groups and the controls
The tissues as indicated below, were prepared for microscopic examination and weighed, respectively:
pituitary, vagina, uterus, ovaries, testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate and other tissues with gross lesions identified as being
potentially treatment-related.
A complete histopathological examination was conducted for any parental animal dying on test. - Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- All pups dying during lactation are neccropsied to investigate the cause of death.
At weaning , postnatal day 21 , 1 female and 1 male from each F1 litter is selected on a random basis to become parents of the next
generation.
The remaining offspring is cexamined for gross external abnormalities , euthanized and discarded. - Statistics:
- Levene's test for equal variances, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test Fisher's exact test
- Reproductive indices:
- calculated for P and F1 animals:
Mating Index (%):
---for males: number of males impregnating females devided through the total number of males paired multiplied by 100
---for females: number of females with copulation plugs devided through the mumger of females cohabited multiplied by 100
Fertility Index(%):
---for males: number of males producing pregnant females devided through number of males impregnating females multiplied by 100
---for females. number of pregnant females devided through number of plug-positive females multiplied by 100
Gestational Index (%)
number of females with live litters devided through number of females pregnant multiplied by 100 - Offspring viability indices:
- calculated for F1 and for F2 animals
live birth index (%)
number of live pups at birth devided through the toal number of pups born multiplied by 100
4-Day Survival Index (%):
number of pups surviving 4 days devided through total number of live pups at birth multiplied by 100
7-Day Survival Index(%):
number of pups surviving 7 days devided through total number of live pups at 4 days multiplied by 100
14- Day Survival Index (%):
number of pups surviving 14 days devided through total number of live pups at 7 days multiplied by 100
21-day survival index (%):
number of pups surviving 21 days devided through total number of live pups at 14 days multiplied by 100
Lactation index (%):
number of pups surviving 21 days devided through total number of live pups at 4 days multiplied by 100
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not examined
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not examined
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not examined
- Reproductive performance:
- effects observed, treatment-related
Details on results (P0)
Effect levels (P0)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEL (fertility)
- Effect level:
- 450 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: There were no treatment related reproductive effects obseved in this study.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Generation: F0 and F1 (parental) (migrated information)
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEL (offspring)
- Effect level:
- 175 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: F1 (males) significantly reduced body weights at 450 mg/kg bw group F2: Significantly reduced lactation index in the 450 mg/kg bw group
- Remarks on result:
- other: Generation: F1 and F2 (migrated information)
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEL (general toxicity)
- Effect level:
- 30 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: 450mg/kg bw: increased mortaliity; 450 and 175 mg/kg bw/d: Signs of intoxication
- Remarks on result:
- other: Generation: F0 and F1 (migrated information)
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Mortality / viability:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Sexual maturation:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings:
- not specified
Details on results (F1)
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
RS-Freetext:
F0-genration:
---Mortality during pre-breed period:
450 mg/kg bw/d males: 12/25 and females: 8/25
---Signs of intoxication.
450 mg/kg bw/d, males and females:
hypoactivity, ataxia, twitches, tremors, prostration, gasping, rapid respiration, lacrimation, amd perioral wetness occurred immediately after dosing but did not persist until the next day.
---Mean weight gain in F0 males and F0 females were equivalent across the groups
---Mean body weight, significantly reduced:
males: 175 mg-gr., 450 mg-gr., week 13: 489.9 g,470.9 g versus 522 g of controls
---Reproductive parameters for F0 parents at F1 breed:
Mating index (males and females), fertility index (males and females) and gestational index were not affected by treatment.
--Body weight development during gestation and lactation was equivalent across the groups.
--F1-pups:
-Live-birth index was comparable across the groups, sex ratio was not affected
-Survival Indices:
4-day-, 7-day-, 14-day- and 21-day-survival indices and lactation index were equivalent across the groups.
450 mg/kg bw/d,males (pre-breed period): significantly reduced mean body weights: 139.6 g versus 162 g in controls
F1-adult-generation
---Signs of intoxication.
450 mg/kg bw/d, males and females:
hypoactivity, ataxia, twitches, tremors, prostration, gasping, rapid respiration, lacrimation, and perioral wetness
175 mg/kg bw/d:
males: perioral wetness
females: hypoactivity, ataxia, perioral wetness
---Mortality
450 mg-group:
pre-breed period: 8 males and 14 females
additionally:
7 males and 9 females died prior to mating, 3 females which were found pregnant died and another one died during gestation
---body weight and weight development
females: equivalent across the groups
males: week 14, low, mid, high dose: 586.6 g, 564.1 g, 494.4 g versus 526.3 g of controls
---Reproductive parameters for F1 parents at F2 breed:
Mating index (males and females), fertility index (males and females) and gestational index were not affected by treatment.
--Body weight development during gestation and lactation was equivalent across the groups.
--F2-pups:
-Live-birth index was comparable across the groups, sex ratio was not affected
-Survival Indices:
4-day-, 7-day-, 14-day- and 21-day-survival indices were equivalent across the groups.
lactation index
450 mg-group: was significantly reduced (75.5 versus 99.4 in controls)
Conclusion:
The A/D ratio (the dose level at which there were
no observable effects in offsprings) is less than 1:
(30/175) indicating no increased risk to offspring from
o-cresol in the absence of parental effects.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Two-generation reproductive toxicity according to TSCA Health Effects Test Guideline for specific organ/tissue toxicity - Reproduction/Fertility effects (EPA, 1983)
Continued administration of o-cresol by gavage for two generations to Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in general toxicity including increased mortality at 450 mg/kg bw/d and in clinical signs of toxicity including hypoactivity, ataxia, twitches, tremors, prostration, gasping, rapid respiration and perioral wetness at >= 175 mg/kg bw/d (NOAEL (genral toxicity) 30 mg/kg bw/d). No reproductive parameters were affected by treatment in either of the two generations (NOAEL (fertility) 450 mg/kg bw/d.
The NOAEL (offspring) is 175 mg/kg bw/d based on significantly reduced body weights in F1 males and in significantly reduced lactation index in F2 at 450 mg/kg b
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