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EC number: 209-676-3 | CAS number: 590-28-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to reproduction: other studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: public available literature (non GLP, non guideline) Read across to sodium cyanate. For justification of read across see endpoint summary.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of Increased maternal Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity on Fetal Growth in the Rat
- Author:
- Hebbel, R.P.; Berger, E.M.; Eaton, J.W.
- Year:
- 1 980
- Bibliographic source:
- Blood, Vol. 55, No. 6 (June), 1980
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Public available literature. No guideline indicated. For details on method see materials and methods section.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- in vivo
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium cyanate
- EC Number:
- 213-030-6
- EC Name:
- Sodium cyanate
- Cas Number:
- 917-61-3
- Molecular formula:
- CNO.Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium cyanate
- Details on test material:
- not indicated.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (age = 80 days) were purchased with date of impregnation known. They were fed standard rat chow and allowed tap water ad libitum.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: exchange transfusion
- Vehicle:
- other: not applicable
- Details on exposure:
- On ninth day of gestation, rats were exchanged transfused with either normal (control group) or carbamylated (experimental group) homogenous rat blood. Rat blood was incubated with sodium cyanate prior to exchange transfusion for 60 min at room temperature to achieve carbamylation (50 mM).
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no analytical verification of doses.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Rat blood was incubated with sodium cyanate prior to exchange transfusion for 60 min at room temperature to achieve carbamylation (50 mM).
Blood exchanged rats were observed from day 9 to day 22 of gestation. - Frequency of treatment:
- once (incubation of blood with cyanate)
- Duration of test:
- Throughout gestation period of the rats (maximum 22 days)
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations: 0, 50 mM
Basis: nominal incubation concentration in blood exchanged blood
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 22 control and 18 exposed animals
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- On ninth day of gestation, rats were exchanged transfused with either normal (control group) or carbamylated (experimental group) homogenous rat blood. Rat blood was incubated with sodium cyanate prior to exchange transfusion for 60 min at room temperature to achieve carbamylation (50 mM).
Examinations:
Placenta and fetal carcass were weighed. Litters were examined for malformations, and uteri were examined for evidence of resorptions. Blood parameters of fetal blood were observed (P50, hemoglobin concentration, etc.).
Maternal blood parameters investigated: P50, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocyte count. - Statistics:
- variance statistical analysis
Student's t-test
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 50 other: mM in blood (transfusion exchanged)
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: reduced mean fetal weight
Observed effects
There was no significant effect of increase maternal haemoglobin oxygen affinity on litter size nor in the apparent number of resorptions. Only one grossly malformed, nonviable fetus was found, and this was in an unmanipulated litter. The maternal p50 was lowered. There was an approximately 10 % difference between control and experimental groups in mean fetal weight on the 21st day of gestation, fetuses from the experimental group being smaller. This decrement in fetal weight was accompanied by a concomitant placental hypertrophy, as evidenced by an increment in mean placental weight at a decrement in relative fetal weight. The mean weight of the fetoplacental unit was, nevertheless, lower for experimental litters. In contrast no effect of single exchange transfusion was apparent on fetuses examined on the 20th day of gestation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The increase in oxygen affinity produced by exchange transfusing of pregnant rats on day 9 of gestation with blood that had been treated previously with sodium cyanate caused reduction of fetal body weight.
- Executive summary:
Pregnant rats were exchange transfused with homologous blood on the ninth day of gestation, the experimental group receiving donor blood having P50 of about 15 mm Hg achieved by prior incubation with sodium cyanate (50 mM). This changed mean maternal p50 from 41.1 to 24.6 mm Hg; the normal prenatal rat has P50 = 23.7 mm Hg due to low erythrocyte 2,3-DPG content. Parameters reflecting the adequacy of fetal oxygenation were examined on the 20th and 21st days of gestation and at term (22 days). Fetuses from the experimental group were significantly smaller on the 21st day and at term, and this was accompanied by placental hypertrophy. There was no significant difference in fetal weight on the 20th day of gestation unless a second exchange transfusion was performed to further lower maternal P50. There was a trend towards erythrocytosis in the experimental group fetuses. It is concluded that a narrowing of the P50 difference between mother and fetus caused by sodium cyanate has adverse effects on fetal wellbeing in the rat.
This study is not considered relevant for the hazard assessment of cyanate as effects were noted only secondary due to hemoglobin damage of parental animals and due to the artificial test conditions.
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