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EC number: 943-552-6 | CAS number: 91844-92-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14/1/2013 - 16/1/2013
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Read-across to study according to international guideline (OECD guideline 202) under GLP. No deviations from guideline reported.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 014
- Report date:
- 2014
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not relevant
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Litsea cubeba
- IUPAC Name:
- Litsea cubeba
- Test material form:
- other: liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Litsea cubeba
- Physical state: liquid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not relevant
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Not relevant
- Concentrations: 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L WAF
- Sampling method: Samples were taken from the control and each test group (replicates R1 - R4 pooled) at 0 and 48 hours.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: stored at -20ºC
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Due to the light-sensitive nature of the test item, all test preparation was performed under non-actinic light conditions and the stirring and test vessels were shielded from light. Amounts of test item (23.2, 41.4, 17.9, 13.5 and 23 mg) were each separately added to the surface of 23.2, 23, 5.6, 2.4 and 2.3 liters of reconstituted water to give the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L loading rates respectively. After the addition of the test item, the reconstituted water was stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. The stirring was stopped after 4 7 hours and the mixtures allowed to stand for 1 hour. A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of approximately 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. Microscopic inspection of the WAFs showed no micro-dispersions or undissolved test item to be present. The aqueous phase or W AF was removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first approximate 75-100 mL discarded) to give the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L loading rate WAFs.
- Controls: Yes, blanks
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): At the start of the mixing period the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L loading rates were observed to be clear colorless water columns with oily globules of test item floating on the surface. After 47 hours stirring and a 1-Hour standing period the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L loading rates were observed to remain clear colorless water columns with oily globules of test item floating on the surface. Microscopic inspection of the W AFs showed no micro-dispersions or undissolved test item to be present. After siphoning and for the duration of the test, the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L loading rates were observed to be clear, colorless solutions.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Source: in-house laboratory strain
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): less than 24 hours old
- Method of breeding: Adult Daphnia were maintained in 150 mL glass beakers containing Elendt M7 medium in a temperature controlled room at 20 °C. The lighting cycle was controlled to give a 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods. Each culture was fed daily with a mixture of algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and Tetramin® flake food suspension. Culture conditions ensured that reproduction was by parthenogenesis. Gravid adults were isolated the day before initiation of the test, such that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 hours old. These young were that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 hours old. These young were removed from the cultures and used for testing. The diet and diluent water are considered not to contain any contaminant that would affect the integrity or outcome of the study.
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 24 hours
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not relevant
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 22ºC
- pH:
- 7.7 - 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.0 - 9.1 mg/L (88 - 105% of ASV)
- Salinity:
- Not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal loading rates: 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L
TOC (0h): 1.44, 1.92, 3.26, 6.20 and 6.15 mg/L
TOC (48h): 3.85, 4.61, 6.21, 11.56, 10.34 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: test vessel
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass, 130 mL filled with 130 mL test medium
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water
- Culture medium different from test medium: No (Elendt M7)
- Conductivity: <5 uS/cm^-1
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 24 hours
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours light/dark with 20 minute transition period
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): immobilisation (24 h)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95%CI: 3.2 -5.6 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95%CI: 3.2 - 5.6 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: 0%
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: At the start of the mixing period the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L loading rates were observed to be clear colorless water columns with oily globules of test item floating on the surface. After 47 hours stirring and a 1-Hour standing period the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L loading rates were observed to remain clear colorless water columns with oily globules of test item floating on the surface. Microscopic inspection of the W AFs showed no micro-dispersions or undissolved test item to be present. After siphoning and for the duration of the test, the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L loading rates were observed to be clear, colorless solutions. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- 48h-EC50: 0.45 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EL 50 values and associated confidence limits at 48 hours were calculated by the trimmed Spearman-Karber method (Hamilton et al, 1977) using the ToxCalc computer software package (ToxCalc, 1999).When only one partial response is shown the trimmed Spearman-Karber method is appropriate.
If there is no immobilization between 0% and 100% immobilization, then the geometric mean of the highest loading rate showing no lethality and the lowest loading rate showing 100% lethality is calculated. The concentrations resulting in 0% and 100% immobilization will be the 95%
confidence limits.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Cumulative immobility:
Nominal loading rate (mg/L) |
Cumulative immobilized Daphnia (initial population: 5 per replicate) |
|||||||||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||||||||||
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
Graphs are presented below.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No mortality in controls, physical-chemical parameters within acceptable limits
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity (48h-EL50) of Litsea cubeba towards Daphnia magna is 4.2 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of Litsea cubeba towards Daphnia magna was investigated according to OECD guideline 202 under GLP. Daphnids were exposed to nominal WAF's of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L and observed for 48 hours. The 48h-EL50 was found to be 4.2 mg/L based on nominal concentrations.
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