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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- REG (EC) No. 440/2008, May 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Chemical Substance Control Law 1973, amended 2009 under the reference of YAKUSHOKHATSU No. 1121002, SEIKYOKU No.2 and KANPOKIHATSU No. 021121002 and partially amended 2006 as the joint ordinance of Japanese METI, MHLW and MOE
- Version / remarks:
- 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: nominal 100 , 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 mg/L as WAF and control
- Sampling intervals: start and end of each renewal period
- Sampling method: samples were taken from flasks containing daphnids
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: processed (freeze-dried) samples were analysed on the day of sampling - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: water accommodated fractions (WAFs)
Supersaturated solutions were prepared by dispersing/dissolving the test item into the test medium (ISO Medium) at nominal concentrations of 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/L. These dispersions were shaken for about 24 hours at approximately 30°C and then equilibrated for about 24 hours at the test temperature. The resulting dispersions were opalescent. The non-dissolved test material was removed by filtration through a 0.22-µm filter to provide the WAFs. The filtrates were clear and transparent. The lowest nominal test concentration of 6.25 mg/L was prepared by diluting the 100 mg/L WAF. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: National Institute of Public Health, 1097 Budapest Gyáli u. 2-6. Hungary. The Daphnia are bred in-house.
- Age at study initiation: < 24 h
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
None; the same medium (ISO medium according to the OECD and EC guidelines) was used for breeding and tests. The health of the stock animals is continuously monitored by visual daily checking. Abnormal behavior or significant decrease of population is recorded. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 249 mg/L as CaCO3 (calculated)
- Test temperature:
- 20.1-21.1 °C
- pH:
- 7.69-7.91
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.1-8.8 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal loading rates: 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/L as WAF
first renewal period (0-24 h):
freshly prepared test media: 2.95, 1.91, 1.10, 0.35 and 0.16 mg/L
aged test media (24 h): 2.48, 1.13, 0.46, 0.23, and 0.09 mg/L
second renewal period (24-48 h):
freshly prepared test media: 3.13, 2.18, 2.15, 1.51 and 0.34 mg/L
aged test media (24 h): 2.28, 2.30, 1.11, 1.02 mg/L andgeometric mean measured concentrations: 2.69, 1.81, 1.05, 0.59 and 0.12 mg/L
biological results are based on the nominal loading rates. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: open glass beakers containing approx. 25 mL medium
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: at least 5 mL medium per animal
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionised water
- Ca/Mg ratio: 4:1
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: water temperature, oxygen concentration and pH in the controls and the test solutions were measured at the beginning and at the end of each renewal period.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light and 8-hour dark cycle
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : number of immobilised animals and percentage of immobility at 24 and 48 hours
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.0
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: nominal 100, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 100% immobility after 48 hours at the nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L; no immobility at the lower test concentrations - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 37 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 33-42 mg/L; results are expressed in terms of loading rate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 12.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: results are expressed in terms of loading rate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: results are expressed in terms of loading rate
- Details on results:
- - Number and percentage of immobiliosed daphnids: see Table 1
- Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- 24-hour EC50: 0.98 mg/L (95% confidence limits. 0.92-1.06 mg/L)
Value is within the range of the inter laboratory ring test data. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24- and 48-hour EL50 values with 95 % confidence limits were determined by Probit analysis using SPSS/PC+ and TOXSTAT software, respectively.
The 48-hour EL100 value was determined directly from the raw data.
For the determination of the LOELR and NOEL, the immobilization at the test concentrations was tested on significant differences to the control values by Dunnett’s Test using TOXSTAT software. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- In the control, no Daphnia have been immobilised or trapped at the surface of the water. The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test was > 3 mg/L in control and test vessels.
- Conclusions:
- The test material is toxic to daphnia with a 48-hour EL50 between 10 and 100 mg/L (calculated value: 37 mg/L).
Reference
Table 1: Number and percentage of immobilised daphnids
Nominal loading rate (mg/L) |
Cumulative number of immobile Daphnia |
|||||||||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||||||||||
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
total |
% |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6.25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
25 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
8 |
40 |
50 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
6 |
30 |
100 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
10 |
50 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
R: replicate number, 5 daphnids per replicate
Description of key information
48-h EC50 37 mg/L for Daphnia magna (based on nominal loading rates) (OECD 202, EU C.2)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 37 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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