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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 289-220-8 | CAS number: 86290-81-5 A complex combination of hydrocarbons consisting primarily of paraffins, cycloparaffins, aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly greater than C3 and boiling in the range of 30°C to 260°C (86°F to 500°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
28-day repeated dose toxicity, dermal - Systemic NOAEL= 5 ml/kg, or approximately 3750 mg/kg (OECD TG 410 under occlusive conditions)
28-day repeated dose toxicity, inhalation - Systemic NOAEC=2050 ppm, or approximately 9840 mg/3 (OECD TG 412)
90-day repeated dose toxicity, inhalation - Systemic NOAEC>20,000 mg/m3. Local NOAEC = 10,000 mg/m3 (OECD TG 413).
Chronic toxicity, inhalation - Systemic NOAEC=292 ppm, or approximately 1400 mg/m3 (OECD 453)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- rat
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- 1 402 mg/m³
- Study duration:
- chronic
- Species:
- rat
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 375 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- chronic
- Species:
- mouse
- Quality of whole database:
- total of 50 studies with gasoline or low boiling point naphthas covering sub-acite, sub-chronic and chronic exposure. No effects except for dermal irritaton at test application sites.
Additional information
Repeated exposure of rats by inhalation to unleaded gasoline and naphtha blending stocks produced very minor effects and only at the highest levels tested (20,000 – >30,000 mg/m3, depending on the specific levels tested). Typically the highest levels used in these tests are limited by safety consideration related to fire and explosion hazards. The various reported changes at the highest levels included body weight effects, organ weight changes, variations in hematologic parameters, and red nasal discharge although not all effects were found in all studies. The only pathological findings reported were changes in male rat kidneys associated with alpha-2u-globulin-induced renal nephropathy. When animals were held without treatment prior to sacrifice (i.e., recovery groups), the majority of these changes disappeared. In a study of unleaded gasoline in monkeys, no toxicologically important findings were apparent at the highest exposure level tested (approximately 7400 mg/m3). The data from the naphtha blending stocks are very consistent with the data from gasoline itself.
The dermal studies indicate that gasoline has a very low potential for systemic toxicity as a consequence of dermal administration. However, repeated treatment at high levels can produce quite severe dermal effects at the application site.
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity via oral route - systemic effects endpoint:
one of 5 studies investigating the nephrotoxic potential of light hydrocarbons. Alpha 2 u globulin induced nephropathy in the male rat is not a relevant health effect for humans
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity inhalation - systemic effects endpoint:
One of 22 studies investigating repeat dose toxicity following inhalation exposure for periods up to 2 yrs. The only consistent effect was alpha 2u nephropathy in male rats, an effect which is not relevant for human health.
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity dermal - systemic effects endpoint:
Chronic dermal mouse study, support by 49 other repeat dose dermal studies in rats and mice covering sub-acute and sub-chronic exposure.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Many of the studies described in this section followed regulatory guidelines and many have been published in the scientific literature. The data are sufficient for regulatory purposes, no additional testing is necessary. According to EU CLP regulation (EC No. 1272/2008), the classification for systemic toxicity is not warranted.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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