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EC number: 219-163-6 | CAS number: 2379-74-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- According to OECD 202 and GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The saturated solution (2.00 mg/L test item were weighed out) was prepared with dilution water two days prior to the start of the exposure (0 h).
The test item was dispersed in the dilution water by stirring with approximately 1100 rpm for 48 h at room temperature. After completion of stirring,
the test item dispersion was filtered with a membrane filter (0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL) to achieve the saturated solution. Due to the test item
properties centrifugation was not possible. The effects of the saturated solution of the test item were tested in a limit test. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: Clone 5
- Source:
Origin: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu)
Breeder: DR.U.NOACK-LABORATORIEN, Käthe-Paulus-Str. 1, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 2 to 24 h old daphnids from a healthy stock were used for the study
- Method of breeding:
Culture: In glass vessels (2 - 3 L capacity) with approximately 1.8 L culture medium, at 20 +- 2°C, in an incubator, 16 h illumination; light intensity
of max. 20 µE x m-2 x s-1
Culture medium: Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L
Cultur feeding: At least 5 times per week ad libitum with a mix of unicellular green algae, e.g. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and
Desmodesmus subspicatus, with an algae cell density of > 106 cells/mL
- Feeding during test: No feeding
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: At least 2 h in dilution water.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test conditions.
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality observed. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 265 mgCaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22°C, constant within ± 1°C
- pH:
- pH at the Start of the Exposure (0 h)
(measured in one additional replicate of the saturated solution and the control)
Nominal loading
of the test item
[mg/L] pH-value
2.00 (Saturated solution) 7.58
Control 7.81
pH at the End of the Exposure (48 h)
(measured in all replicates of the saturated solution and the control)
Nominal loading
of the test item
[mg/L] pH-values
Replicates
1 2 3 4
2.00 (Saturated solution) 7.80 7.80 7.81 7.82
Control 7.65 7.62 7.62 7.61 - Dissolved oxygen:
- O2-concentration at the Start of the Exposure (0 h)
(measured in one additional replicate of the saturated solution and the control)
Nominal loading
of the test item
[mg/L] DissolvedO2-concentration[mg/L]
2.00 (Saturated solution) 4.74
Control 8.82
O2-concentration at the End of the Exposure (48 h)
(measured in all replicates of the saturated solution and the control)
Nominal loading
of the test item
[mg/L] DissolvedO2-concentration[mg/L]
Replicates
1 2 3 4
2.00 (Saturated solution) 8.21 8.29 8.25 8.35
Control 8.13 8.26 8.18 8.23 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Limit concentration: saturated solution (nominal loading level 2.00 mg/L)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers (4 cm ID x 7 cm H), 50 mL capacity, loosely covered with watch glasses
- Aeration: None
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: ISO Test water, according to OECD 202, Annex 3
Component Concentration [mg/L]
KCl 5.76
NaHCO3 64.8
CaCl2 x 2 H2O 294
MgSO4 x 7 H2O 123
- Water Quality Parameters of the Dilution Water prior to the Start of the Exposure (0 h):
pH-value DissolvedO2-concentration[mg/L] Temperature[°C] Conductivity[µS/cm] Total hardness [mg CaCO3/L]
7.81 8.82 21.5 658 265
- Culture medium different from test medium: Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L
- Intervals of water quality measurement: test start (0h) and test end (48h)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 h light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, light intensity of max. 20 µE x m-2 x s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Immobilisation, 24 h interval
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentration: limit concentration (saturated solution, nominal loading 2.00 mg/L) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- > 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL100
- Effect conc.:
- > 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Details on results:
- See below
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The percentage immobility for the reference item was determined after 24 h. The EC50-value with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated by
sigmoidal dose-response regression. The EC50-value for the most recent of the monthly performed reference tests was:
EC50: 1.96 mg/L (CI 1.68 - 2.28 mg/L)
The EC50-value of the reference item potassium dichromate after 24 h is within the prescribed concentration range of 0.6 - 2.4 mg/L of quality criteria
according to AQS P 9/2 (02/2000) for daphnids clone 5 cultured in Elendt M4 medium. The EC50-value of the reference item is also within the
recommended range of 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L according to OECD-Guideline 202. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- At the saturated solution with a nominal loading of 2.00 mg/L of the test item Pigment Red 181, no effects were observed on Daphnia magna.
- Executive summary:
In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS), the effects of the saturated solution* with a nominal loading of 2.00 mg/L of the test item Pigment Red 181 were determined according to OECD 202 (2004).The limit test was conducted under static conditionsover a period of 48 hours..
The test item is a red powder and sparingly soluble in water (< 0.02 mg/L at 20 °C). Therefore, a saturated solution was prepared by stirring with approximately 1100 rpm for 48 h at room temperature followed by filtration (membrane filter: 0.45 µm, RC,Macherey-Nagel) to achieve the saturated solution. Twenty daphnids were exposed to the saturated solution and the control.
No analytical monitoring was performed during the test period because the test item has a very low solubility in water
and organic solvents. Therefore, an analytical standard method with a sufficient sensitivity could not be established. Exposures are expressed in terms of the original concentration of the test item Pigment Red181in water at the start of the mixing period (loading rate). The EL-values are presented in the table below.
Water quality parameters (i.e. pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration), measured at the start (0 h) and at the end of the exposure (48 h), were
within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guidelines were fulfilled.
At the saturated solution* with a nominal loading of 2.00 mg/L of the test item Pigment Red 181, no effects were observed on Daphnia magna.
EL10-, EL50-EL100-Values, NOEL and LOEL
(based on the nominal loading levels of the test item)
Endpoints
Test
duration
[h]
PigmentRed 181
Nominal loading level of the test item
[mg/L]
EL10
24
> 2.00
48
> 2.00
EL50
24
> 2.00
48
> 2.00
EL100
24
> 2.00
48
> 2.00
NOEL
48
2.00
LOEL
48
> 2.00
*) Saturated solution: The maximum dissolved concentration of the test item that can be achieved under the test conditions in the test medium, acc.
to OECD Series, No. 23 (2000).
Reference
The percentage immobility, determined in the saturated solution with a nominal loading of 2.00 mg/L of the test item Pigment Red 181 and the control after 24 and 48 h under static conditions, is presented in the table below. There was no effect observed at the saturated solution and the control.
Immobilisation Rates of the definitive Testafter 24 and 48 hours of Exposure
(n = 20, divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each)
Pigment Red181 Nominal loading of the test item
[mg/L] |
IMMOBILISATION [%] |
|||||||||
24 h |
48 h |
|||||||||
Replicates |
Replicates |
|||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
MV |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
MV |
|
2.00 (Saturated solution) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
MV = mean value
All replicates of the saturated solution of the test item and the control were colourless and clear throughout the exposure period.
Description of key information
One study according OECD Guideline 202 is available. At the saturated solution with a nominal loading of 2.00 mg/L of the test item Pigment Red 181, no effects were observed on Daphnia magna.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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