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EC number: 203-467-0 | CAS number: 107-14-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Carcinogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- carcinogenicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 985
Materials and methods
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chloroacetonitrile
- EC Number:
- 203-467-0
- EC Name:
- Chloroacetonitrile
- Cas Number:
- 107-14-2
- Molecular formula:
- C2H2ClN
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-chloroacetonitrile
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- greater than 99% pure
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- Sencar
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Female Sencar mice were obtained from Dr. T. Slaga of Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- dermal
- Vehicle:
- acetone
- Details on exposure:
- Chloroacetonitrile was applied in acetone to the shaved back. Six doses were applied over a 2-week period for total doses of 1200, 2400, and 4800 mg/kg (or 24, 48, and 96 mg/mouse).
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 doses
- Post exposure period:
- Animals from the initiation/promotion experiments were maintained for one year to determine the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas resulting from the exposure to haloacetonitrile compounds.
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 200 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- equivalent to 4 mg/mouse, total dose of 1200 mg/kg or 24 mg/mouse (6 doses)
- Dose / conc.:
- 400 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- equivalent to 8 mg/mouse, total dose of 2400 mg/kg or 48 mg/mouse (6 doses)
- Dose / conc.:
- 800 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- equivalent to 16 mg/mouse, total dose of 4800 mg/kg or 96 mg/mouse (6 doses)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 40 animals in each exposure group
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- Two weeks after the last dose of the haloacetonitriles a promotion schedule involving the application of 1.0 μg of TPA in 0.2 ml acetone 3 times weekly was begun and continued for 20 weeks.
Complete carcinogenic activity of the haloacetonitriles was assessed in a separate experiment where 800 mg/kg of chloroacetonitrile was applied three times weekly for 24 weeks and animals observed for papilloma development.
Experiments were also conducted utilizing the oral route of exposure. In this case, doses were limited to a maximum dose of 50 mg/kg administered six times over a 2-week period to avoid the acute toxic effects of these chemicals. Further conduct of these experiments was identical to the initiation/promotion experiments. - Positive control:
- no
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- The appearance and regression of tumors were charted weekly. Papillomas were included in the tumor count only if they were observed for three consecutive weeks at the same location.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- At necropsy all gross lesions were recorded and tissues with lesions were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for subsequent histopathological evaluation. The data for each dose group were analyzed for a significant increase over the respective control response using Fisher's Exact Test.
- Statistics:
- The count of the total tumors and data on time to first tumor occurrence were analyzed for dose-response with a trend test based on Cox's regression model (Cox, 1972; Tarone, 1975).
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Neuropathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Although there was a tendency in individual experiments involving oral exposures for increased papilloma yields with treatments by individual haloacetonitriles, there were no statistically significant differences in the total number of tumors or in the time to first tumor when all experiments were combined for statistical analysis. The response to an oral dose of urethane (300 mg/kg), as a positive control, did produce an increase in papilloma yield consistent with past experience in our laboratory with the Sencar mouse.
The haloacetonitriles were active as tumor initiators when applied topically to the shaved back of the Sencar mouse. All of the haloacetonitriles produced increases in the average cumulative number of tumors per animal. Clearly dose-related increases in cumulative papilloma count were observed with chloroacetonitrile (p = 0.02). In the case of chloroacetonitrile the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas was increased significantly (p < 0.05) over that observed in the control groups. The only exception to this was that the high dose of chloroacetonitrile produced a larger proportion of squamous cell carcinomas than would have been predicted from the papilloma yield. - Relevance of carcinogenic effects / potential:
- Chloroacetonitrile initiated tumors in the mouse skin with topical applications followed by a 20-week promotion schedule of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) applications (p < 0.02).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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