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EC number: 417-070-7 | CAS number: 151006-62-1 1-DODECENE TRIMER, HYDROGENATED; ALKANE 4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Biodegradation in soil
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Not available
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published literature data.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Further Research into the Aerobic degradation of n-Alkanes in a Heavy Oil by a pure culture of A Pseudomonas SP.
- Author:
- Setti L., Lanzarini G., Pifferi P. G., and Spagna G.
- Year:
- 1 993
- Bibliographic source:
- Chemosphere, Vol 26 No. 6, pp 1151 - 1157, 1993
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Please see details on method in the section 'Any other information on material and methods'.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- laboratory
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- n-alkanes C13 - C35
- IUPAC Name:
- n-alkanes C13 - C35
- Details on test material:
- All chemicals used were reagent grade and purchased froim Carlo Erba (Milan). Heavy oil (a residue of an industrial treatment in which the inorganic sulfur was removed_ was obtained from AGIP-Petroli (Rome)
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- not specified
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Soil classification:
- not specified
Duration of test (contact time)open allclose all
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Duration:
- 30 d
Results and discussion
% Degradationopen allclose all
- % Degr.:
- >= 50 - <= 100
- Parameter:
- other: C13 degradation
- Sampling time:
- 15 d
- % Degr.:
- 100
- Parameter:
- other: C13 degradation
- Sampling time:
- 31 d
- % Degr.:
- 0
- Parameter:
- other: C24 degradation
- Sampling time:
- 15 d
- % Degr.:
- 67 - 84.7
- Parameter:
- other: C24 degradation
- Sampling time:
- 31 d
- % Degr.:
- >= 40 - <= 65.1
- Parameter:
- other: C35 degradation
- Sampling time:
- 31 d
- Transformation products:
- not specified
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- not specified
- Volatile metabolites:
- not specified
- Residues:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
The degradation of n-alkanes follows a well-known sequence characterised by the fact that dropping decreases as the molecular weight of the aliphatic compounds increases (Table 1). After one month of fermentation, degradation is over 60% for all n-alkanes, whereas after 15 days only C13 and C14 are degraded over 50%.
Gas chromatographic analyses clearly highlight this phenomenon (please see Fig. 2 attached) and they show that the iso-alkanes, phytane and pristane, are more resistant to degradation.
The degradation of the n-alkanes (Table 1) leads to a heavy oil residue richer in high molecular weight n-alkanes (please see Fig 3 attached). The percentage of n-alkanes above C28 increases between the 15th and 31st day of fermentation, as consequence of degradation of the n-alkane from C13 to C28. The percentage of n-alkanes from C17 to C28 reached its peak at 15 days.
Another finding emerges from examining n-alkane degradation as a function of the incerse of hydrocarbon chain lenght (please see Fig 4 attached). All fermentation trials exhibited the same degradation pattern. After 15 days, two difference linear behaviour patterns were observed one for n-alkanes from C13 to C16 and another for those over C17. By extrapolating the two lines, a changing degradation point (α) is obtained; it corresponds to an average value, n of 16.0 +/-0.6.
After 31 days the value of (α) is still constant, whereas the soilid n-alkane group breaks down into two sub-groups with a changing degradation point (β), whose average value, n, is 27.0 +/-1.0. These two sub-groups include the low solid alkanes, C17 -C28 and the high ones above C28. The first sub-group shows a constant degradation pattern for entire range of compounds while, in the second, degradation depends on the hydrocarbon chain length.
Table 1 n-Alkane degradation percentages in five different trials at two fermentation times
Carbon number (n) | 15 days | 31 days | |||
I | II | III | IV | V | |
13 | 50 | 76 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
14 | 22.4 | 43.8 | 70.1 | 82.1 | 100 |
15 | 8.8 | 21.5 | 36.3 | 71.4 | 93.8 |
16 | 5.0 | 9.1 | 20.0 | 64.4 | 86.4 |
17 | 0 | 3.9 | 10.7 | 64.3 | 86.1 |
18 | - | 1.4 | 8.0 | 66.8 | 86.4 |
19 | - | 0 | 8.2 | 63.6 | 86.1 |
20 | - | - | 6.2 | 62.5 | 85.4 |
21 | - | - | 5.6 | 66.3 | 85.6 |
22 | - | - | 6.9 | 67.6 | 84.7 |
23 | - | - | 6.4 | 66.7 | 85.5 |
24 | - | - | 0 | 67.0 | 85.0 |
25 | - | - | - | 65.8 | 84.3 |
26 | - | - | - | 66.1 | 84.7 |
27 | - | - | - | 63.3 | 83.6 |
28 | - | - | - | 67.2 | 69.2 |
29 | - | - | - | 65.1 | 70.0 |
30 | - | - | - | 64.0 | 78.4 |
31 | - | - | - | 55.9 | 73.8 |
32 | - | - | - | 58.6 | 70.0 |
33 | - | - | - | 56.5 | 72.0 |
34 | - | - | - | 47.4 | 70.5 |
35 | - | - | - | 40.0 | 65.1 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Setti et al (1993) measured the concentration of n-alkanes up to C35 in a heavy oil, using a Pseudomonas culture. Degradation was faster for lower C number, and three distinct groups were identified. Around C34 the extent of degradation was approx. 65% at 31 days.
- Executive summary:
The microbal degradation of the saturated fraction of a heavy oil was examined in aerobic conditions employing a pure culture of a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from soil. A new model of n-alkane degradation is proposed. The n-alkanes were divided into three degradation groups i) liquid n-alkanes, C12 -16; 11) low solid n-alkanes C17 -28; iii) high solid n-alkanes, above C28. Our results show that n-alkane degradation depends on chemical and physical factors such as solubility and surface tension
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