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EC number: 453-490-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29 Feb - 02 Mar 2007
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF): A concentration of 100 mg/L of the test substance was moderately stirred in algal medium for 24 h at room temperature. After this incubation time, the undissolved materials were removed by sterile filtration (0.45 µm) to obtain a sterile test substance solution for the algal growth test. The resulting water accommodated fraction was used in the test. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: 86.81 SAG
- Source: obtained from the collection of Algal Cultures, Institute of Freshwater Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Age of inoculum (at test initiation): Exponentially growing liquid preculture were used to inoculate sterile test flasks.
- Method of cultivation: 250 mL flask containing 100 mL of sterile OECD medium inoculated with cell material from axenic slope culture, continuous illumination from warm white fluorescent tubes (8500 - 9000 lux), temperature: 22 ± 0.2 °C thermocontrolled room, periodically conducted reference test with potassium dichromate. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- not stated
- Test temperature:
- 22 ± 0.2 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 ± 0.2
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flask
- Material: glass; Size: 250 mL; Fill volume: 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 10000 - 20000/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 5
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD medium
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature was determined in a control flask at the start and at the end of the test. The pH was determined in 1 control flask after sterilization before the test and in all test vessels at the end of the test. Observations of mis-shapen cells and cell-debris were made after 24, 48 and 72 h test duration.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: warm white fluorescent tubes (8500-9000 lux)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Algal growth was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h test duration.
- Determination of cell concentrations: using a spectrophotometer (680 nm wavelength). Aliquots of 5 mL were removed from each test substance served as controls. The starting cell density was determined using a counting chamber. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: EL50 (24-72h)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: EL0 (24-72h)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: EL50 (24-72h)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: EL0 (24-72h)
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no - Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 Jul - 24 Aug 1995
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- GLP Guideline study with acceptable restrictions: The light intensity exceeded the guideline requirements of 3870 to 4730 lux. The intensity ranged from 4559 to 5118 lux during the study. This minor deviation is not believed to have had any adverse effects on the study.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The light intensity exceeded the guideline requirements of 3870 to 4730 lux. The intensity ranged from 4559 to 5118 lux during the study.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control; 1000 mg/L treatment
- Sampling method: Samples were removed from the treatment and the control on day 0 and at termination of the study. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Individual treatment solutions (WAF) were prepared by adding the appropriate amount of the test substance to 1 L of algal nutrient media. The vessels were closed with cotton gauze stoppers to minimize evaporation and/or volatilization.The solutions were mixed at ≤ 10% vortex on magnetic stirplates with Teflon coated stirbars for approx. 24 hours. The 1000 mg/L treatment solution appeared slightly cloudy with undissolved test material floating on the surface. All remaining treatment solutions appeared clear with undissolved test material floating on the surface. After mixing, the solutions were allowed to settle for approx. one hour before the WAFs were removed through the outlet at the bottom of the aspirator bottle.
- Evidence of undissolved material: Once prepared, no test substance insolubility was observed in the WAF solutions during the study. - Test organisms (species):
- Scenedesmus capricornutum
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: 1648
- Source: cultured in the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Laboratory of Exxon Biomedical Sciences Inc. Initial strain provided by the Department of Botany, University of Texas
- Age of inoculum: Algae were taken from stock cultures in their log phase of growth (culture date: 19 Jul 1995).
- Method of cultivation: Algae are cultured in algal nutrient media prepared with distilled water and reagent grade chemicals. Culturesd were held at 24 ± 2 °C under continuous illumination.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions: same as test - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- ± 1 h
- Hardness:
- not stated
- Test temperature:
- 22.8 ± 0.8 °C
- pH:
- 7.4 (test inition)
8.7 - 9.0 (test end) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 1000 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 125 mg/L and 62.5 mg/L ( loading rate WAFs)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flask
- Type: closed with cotton gauze stoppers
- Material: glass; Size: 125 mL; Fill volume: 80 mL
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 4300000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
-other: Each test flask was placed on a shaker table (100 rpm) for the duration of the study to keep the algae in suspension and facilitate the transfer of carbon dioxide.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, according to guideline: EPA-600/9-78-018
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reverse osmosis dialyzed well water
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature was continuously monitored. The pH was measured on day 0 and at termination.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 4599 - 5118 lux (provided by cool-white fluorescent bulbs; oscillation rate: 100 oscillations/min.)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Cell densities were monitored after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h test duration.
- Determination of cell concentrations: Turner filter fluorimeter - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no - Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30 Jul - 03 Aug 2007
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- GLP - Guideline study, tested with the source substance Fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), esters with pentaerythritol (CAS 85116-93-4). According to the ECHA guidance document “Practical guide 6: How to report read-across and categories (March 2010)”, the reliability was changed from RL1 to RL2 to reflect the fact that this study was conducted on a read-across substance.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Staatliches Gewerbeaufsichtsamt Hildesheim
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: The highest loading level and control were analytically verified at the beginning and end of the test via GC-MS.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF): Stock solutions of 10, 30 and 100 mg/L were prepared by directly adding appropriate amounts of test substance to dilution water. The stock solutions were shaken with 20 rpm for 24 h at room temperature. After a separation phase of at least 30 min the WAF was taken from the homogenous liquid phase. - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: HINDAK
- Source: Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG), Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum: A three day old preculture was used as inoculum.
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity was 35-70 µE/m2*s for 24 h per day. Nutrient medium Z according to Lüttge et al. (1994) was used as culture medium. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 21.4 - 22.8
- pH:
- 7.44 - 10.11
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 10, 30 and 100 mg/L
Measured (100mg/L WAF): 108.3 µg/L at test start; 34.9 µg/L at test end
Measured (control): < limit of quantification - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: closed with cotton wool plugs
- Size: 250 mL; Fill volume: 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 5134 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 2655237 cells/mL (mean of 6 values)
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 6
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Threefold concentrated medium of the OPPTS guideline (3xAAP medium)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH at the beginning and end, water temperature hourly, room temperature continously, light intesity prior to the test start
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod: 24 hrs light
- Light intensity and quality: 66.5 µE/m2*s ± 10%
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Chlorophyll-a-fluorescence excitation at 435 nm, emission at 685 nm. Each replicate was measured 6-fold, value (flash) no. 3-6 were used for calculation.
The cell density was measured at the beginning of the test (after application) and every 24h.
- Other: At the start and the end of the incubation the cells were checked for unusual cell shape, colour differences in chloroplast morphology, flocculation, adherence of algae to test containers and aggregation of alga cells.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes, specific growth rate inhibition was 14% at 100 mg/l (nominal) and yield inhibition 60% at 100 mg/l (nominal) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 50.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 39.0 - 70.2 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 50.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 39.0-70.2 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: Yes
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50: 0.86 (72h, growth rate), 0.46 (72h, cell number) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10, EC20 and EC50 value of growth rate and yield inhibition after 96h were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression.
Calculation of confidence intervals EC10, EC20 and EC50 values were carried out using standard procedures according to Clopper and Pearson (1934). - Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Remarks:
- 3 substances are available for read across
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- see the attached justification in section 13 for details
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: EL50 (24-72h)
- Remarks:
- 2,2-bis[(octanoyloxy)methyl]butyl decanoate (CAS 11138-60-6)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: EL0 (24-72h)
- Remarks:
- 2,2-bis[(octanoyloxy)methyl]butyl decanoate (CAS 11138-60-6)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: EL50 (24-72h)
- Remarks:
- 2,2-bis[(octanoyloxy)methyl]butyl decanoate (CAS 11138-60-6)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: EL0 (24-72h)
- Remarks:
- 2,2-bis[(octanoyloxy)methyl]butyl decanoate (CAS 11138-60-6)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: test mat. / WAF
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mixed esters of pentaerythritol, technical grade, with isooctanoic acid and C8/10 fatty acids (CAS 189200-42-8)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: test mat. / WAF
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mixed esters of pentaerythritol, technical grade, with isooctanoic acid and C8/10 fatty acids (CAS 189200-42-8)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: test mat. (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fatty acids, C16-18, esters with pentaerythritol (CAS 85116-93-4)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: test mat. (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fatty acids, C16-18, esters with pentaerythritol (CAS 85116-93-4)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: test mat. (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fatty acids, C16-18, esters with pentaerythritol (CAS 85116-93-4)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: test mat. (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fatty acids, C16-18, esters with pentaerythritol (CAS 85116-93-4)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 50.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: test mat. (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 39.0 - 70.2 mg/L
- Remarks:
- Fatty acids, C16-18, esters with pentaerythritol (CAS 85116-93-4)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- read across
- Conclusions:
- The substance, CAS: 118685-22-6; EC: 453-490-7, is analogous to the substances to be read across to, in terms of basic form, and the degree of substitution of functional groups is not considered to effect the proposed read across for the endpoint of toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria. Based on the available information to read across to, the substance is not expected to be toxic upto the limit of solubility in water.
Referenceopen allclose all
At the WAF loading rate of 100 mg/L no inhibition with respect to algal growth rate and algal cell growth (area under growth curve) compared to the untreated controls were observed. The no-observed-effect concentration for growth rates (ErL0) and biomass production (EbL0) with respect to the loading rate was ≥ 100 mg/L. The EL50 -value was conducted as EL50 (24 -72 h). But the EL50 can also be stated as EL50 (72 h) > 100 mg/L for the algal growth rate and algal cell growth.
Table 1: Cell concentration (A680) in individual test cultures after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure to the test material. ((b) = Mean absorbance (A680))
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Code |
Cell concentration (A680) |
|||
0 h (b) |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
||
Control |
A B C D E |
0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 |
0.033 0.038 0.038 0.036 0.040 |
0.228 0.222 0.208 0.212 0.233 |
0.685 0.733 0.676 0.624 0.694 |
100 |
A B C |
0.008 0.008 0.008 |
0.040 0.038 0.044 |
0.224 0.207 0.207 |
0.700 0.631 0.675 |
The TOC results indicate that the level of test substance in the WAF was at or near the level of organic carbon in the control. This result confirmes the low water solubility of the test substance (table 1). Therefore, the effect values are determined in relation to the nominal test substance concentration.
Table 1: Results of TOC analysis
Loading level [mg/L] |
Total organic carbon [mg/L]* |
|
0 h |
4 h |
|
control |
5.4 ± 0.5 |
5.5 ± 0.6 |
1000 mg/L |
6.7 ± 0.7 |
4.2 ± 1.2 |
*: triplicate TOC measurements on each sample
Table 2: Mean cell concentrations
Loading level [mg/L] |
Mean cell concentration [cells/mL] |
||||
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
96 h |
|
Control |
1.0E4 |
2.6E4 |
2.1E5 |
1.3E6 |
4.3E6 |
62.5 |
1.0E4 |
2.5E4 |
1.6E5 |
9.1E5 |
3.6E6 |
125 |
1.0E4 |
2.6E4 |
1.8E5 |
1.1E6 |
3.8E6 |
250 |
1.0E4 |
2.5E4 |
1.7E5 |
1.0E6 |
3.7E6 |
500 |
1.0E4 |
2.8E4 |
2.0E5 |
1.2E6 |
3.6E6 |
1000 |
1.0E4 |
2.8E4 |
2.1E5 |
1.2E6 |
3.6E6 |
Table 1: Cell densities
Nominal loading level [mg/l] |
Replicate No. |
Cell densities [cells/ml] |
||||
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
96 hours |
||
100 |
1 |
5134 |
21575 |
87524 |
467614 |
1904254 |
Mean |
5134 |
21179 |
97364 |
510459 |
1919287 |
|
30 |
1 |
5134 |
19095 |
98409 |
550434 |
2804204 |
Mean |
5134 |
20366 |
103056 |
569567 |
2631321 |
|
10 |
1 |
5134 |
21268 |
136129 |
677124 |
2957954 |
Mean |
5134 |
22088 |
117201 |
696941 |
2738604 |
|
Control |
1 4 5 6 |
5134 5134 5134 |
18664 |
93079 |
646989 798894 613369 |
2244554 2090804 2828804 2664804 3275704 2826754 |
Mean |
5134 |
20581 |
104969 |
722907 |
2655237 |
Table 2: Evaluation after 96 h
Nominal loading level [mg/L] |
Replicate No. |
Yield |
Inhibition of yield [%] |
Growth rate [d-1] |
Rate-related inhibition [%] |
100 |
1 2 3 |
1899120 1913470 1929870 |
28.34 27.80 27.18 |
1.479 1.481 1.483 |
5.15 5.03 4.89 |
Mean |
1914153 |
27.77 |
1.481 |
5.02 |
|
30 |
1 2 3 |
2799070 2620720 2458770 |
-5,62 1.11 7.22 |
1.576 1.559 1.543 |
-1.06 0.00 1.02 |
Mean |
2626187 |
0.90 |
1.559 |
-0.01 |
|
10 |
1 2 3 |
2952820 2491570 2756020 |
-11.42 5.98 -4.00 |
1.589 1.547 1.572 |
-1.91 0.81 -0.81 |
Mean |
2733470 |
-3.15 |
1.569 |
-0.64 |
|
Control |
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
2239420 2085670 2823670 2659670 3270570 2821620 |
|
1.520 1.502 1.578 1.563 1.615 1.578 |
|
Mean |
2650103 |
|
1.559 |
|
Description of key information
The substance, CAS: 118685-22-6; EC: 453-490-7, is analogous to the substances to be read across to, in terms of basic form, and the degree of substitution of functional groups is not considered to effect the proposed read across for the endpoint of toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria. Based on the available information to read across to, the substance is not expected to be toxic upto the limit of solubility in water.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 50.7 mg/L
Additional information
In accordance to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 Annex XI, 1.5 a read across to three structurally related category members, fatty acids, C8-10 mixed esters with dipentaerythritol, isooctanoic acid, pentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol (CAS 189200-42-8), fatty acids, C8-10 (even numbered), di-and triesters with propylidynetrimethanol (CAS 11138-60-6) and fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), esters with pentaerythritol (CAS-No. 85116-93-4) was conducted. This read-across is justified in detail in the overall summary (IUCLID chapter 6.1) and within the category justification in IUCLID Section 13. In this case of read-across, the best suited (highest degree of structural similarity, nearest physico-chemical properties) read-across substances were used for the assessment. The fatty acid chain length of C8 – C10 of the first two read-across substances are similar to those of the target substance. In addition, the first read-across substance fatty acids, C8-10 mixed esters with dipentaerythritol, isooctanoic acid, pentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol contains the same alcohol component, i.e. pentaerythritol, and is a tetra-ester. The final read across substance is a mono-tetraester containing a fatty acid chain length of C16 –C18, nevertheless it is significant as it pins the longer chain length end of the polyol esters category and shows that at this chain length no toxicity to algae is expected up to the limit of water solubility.
The first study with the read-across substance fatty acids, C8-10 mixed esters with dipentaerythritol, isooctanoic acid, pentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol (CAS 189200-42-8) was performed according to OECD 201 under GLP conditions (Febbo, 1995). The green algae Scenedesmus capricornutum was exposed to nominal concentrations of 62.5 mg/L, 125 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/L. The test solution was prepared by adding the appropriate amount of test substance with subsequent stirring and sampling of the aqueous portions (WAFs) through the outlet at the bottom of the vessels. No inhibition of growth of Scenedesmus capricornutum up to the limit of water solubility was observed resulting in an EL50 > 1000 mg/L (nominal). A NOELR of ≥ 1000 mg/L was determined based on effects on growth rate.
For the second read across substance fatty acids, C8-10 (even numbered), di-and triesters with propylidynetrimethanol (CAS 11138-60-6) a study conducted according to OECD 201 and GLP (Häner. 2007) as limit test is available. The green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was exposed to a limit concentration of 100 mg/L (nominal). A water accommodated fraction (WAF) was prepared by stirring the test substance in algal medium for 24 h and removing undissolved materials by filtration. No inhibition of growth rate and effects on biomass were observed resulting in an EL50 > 100 mg/L.
The third read across study investigated the toxicity of fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), esters with pentaerythritol (CAS-No. 85116-93-4) to algae. This static algal growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata was conducted according to GLP, and EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) determined an ErL50 and ErL10 (72h) of > 100 mg/L (WAF loading rate). It can be concluded that no toxicological effects on algae are expected up to the water solubility for this read-across substance.
Based on these results from structurally related read-across substances (in accordance to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XI, 1.5) which are characterized by a similar ecotoxicological profile, it can be concluded that Decanoic acid, mixed esters with dipentaerythritol, heptanoic acid, isononanoic acid, and octanoic acid (CAS 118685-22-6) will not exhibit effects to aquatic algae up to the limit of water solubility. As it can be seen in the data matrix of the category justification in section 13 and the overall endpoint summary IUCLID 6.1, all reliable data in the polyol esters category support this hazard assessment by showing a consistent pattern of results, i.e. no toxic effects were observed to aquatic algae or other aquatic organisms up to the limit of water solubility.
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