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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
one-generation reproductive toxicity
Remarks:
based on generations indicated in Effect levels (migrated information)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
december 2010-june 2011
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: This study has been performed according to OECD guidelines and according to GLP principles.
Cross-reference
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2011
Report date:
2011

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): E-Y110
- Physical state: orange colored powder
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: Five years from shipment day (November 4, 2010)
- Stability under test conditions: the test substance was confirmed to be stable during the experimental period based on infrared absorption spectra
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature (permissible range 1°-30°C) in an air-tight container in a dark place

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
other: Crl:CD(SD)
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. (Hino Breeding Center)
- Age at study initiation: 9 weeks
- Weight at receipt (8 weeks old): 261.1 to 294.4 g for males and 170.4 to 204.8 g for females
- Housing: stainless-steel cages, except during gestation and lactation period for females (polymethylpentene cages). One male and one female were housed in a cage during the mating period. One dam and its litter were housed in a cage during the lactation period. As for the other periods, animals were housed individually. Bedding material: satirized wood chip
- Diet: ad libitum autoclave-sterilized pellet diet (CRF-1, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd)
- Water: ad libitum well water admixed with NaClO (about 2 ppm)
- Acclimation period: 9 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22.8° to 23.9°C
- Humidity (%): 52.0 to 79.6%
- Air changes (per hr): 10 to 20 times
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h/12h
IN-LIFE DATES: From: January 5, 2011 To: March 2, 2011

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
water
Details on exposure:
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Dosing solutions were prepared once every 7 days and stored in a cool place shielded from light.
Details on mating procedure:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: up to 14 days
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged: in polymethylpentene cages during the gestation and lactation period. One dam and its litter were housed in a cage during the lactation period.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Samples of the dosing solution at each concentration were analysed. Analytical method validation included linearity, repeatability, specificity, within-run precision and stability testing. All concentrations were within 100 ± 10% as the ratio to the nominal concentration; substance solutions were conformed to be stable after storage in a cool place and shielded from light for 8 days and following 6 hours at room temperature.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
males: from 14 days before mating until necropsy through the mating period (42 days).
females: from 14 days before mating until day 4 of lactation through the mating and pregnancy periods and delivery.
recovery females (satellite group): for 42 days without mating.

Pups were not treated directly, but were potentially exposed to the test substance in utero and through lactationla transfer.
Frequency of treatment:
once daily
Details on study schedule:
All copulated females were allowed natural delivery. The observation of delivery was from days 21 to 24 of gestation. The females that did not deliver by 24 days after copulation were regarded as non-delivered females. The delivered dams were allowed to nurse offsprings until day 4 postpartum (day 4 of lactation) and postpartum behavior such as lactation, nesting and presence or absence of cannibalism was observed every day.
Doses / concentrations
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
50, 250, 1000 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Each group consisted of 12 males (including 5 males for recovery test) and 12 females (5 females each were added for recovery test in the control and 1000 mg/kg bw/day groups).
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: based on results obtained in "Fourteen days repeated oral dose toxicity study of E-Y110 in rats (No. P101036; dose levels 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw, with 5 rats/sex/dose). As no toxicologically relevant effects were observed, the highest dose was set at 1000 mg/kg bw/day as stated in the guideline and two lower doses were established.
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: 14 days

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice a day during the dosing period; once a day during recovery period.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once before dosing; once a week until week 6

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: males were weighed on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 42 and 43. The recovery males were also weighed on days 50 and 56. The satellite females were weighed in the same manner as the recovery males. The test females were weighed on days 1, 8 and 15, once every 7 days after initiation of copulation, and days 0, 7, 14 and 20 of gestation and days 0 and 4 of lactation for females after parturition. The final body weight was also measured on the day of necropsy.

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Food consumption was measured between days 1 to 8, 8 to 15, 22 to 29, 29 to 36 and 36 to 40 for test and recovery males and between days 43 to 50 and 50 to 54 for recovery males only. For females it was measured between days 1 to 8, 8 to 15, 15 to 22, 22 to 29, 29 to 36, 36 to 42, 43 to 50 and 50 to 56 for the satelite females. Food consumption of the test females was measured at the same time as the body weights. Food consumption was not measured for either sex during the mating period. Gross weight of each feeder was weighed, and the main daily food consumption of each animal was calculated for each period.

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at necropsy
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, sodium pentobarbital (i.p., 30 mg/kg bw)
- Animals fasted: Yes, at least 18 hours
- How many animals: 5 animals with smaller animal numbers for the test males, all animals for the recovery males and satellite females, and 5 animals from the earlier parturition date with small numbers for the test females.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at necropsy
- Animals fasted: Yes, at least 18 hours
- How many animals: same as for haematology

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: day 40
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: No, fresh urine samples excreted spontaneously on a washed tray under the cage were collected.
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Parameters checked: pH, protein, glucose, ketone body and occult blood were determined by means of reagent strip method.

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes, FOB
- Time schedule for examinations: week 6
- Dose groups that were examined: 5/sex/dose group
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity
Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
Vaginal smears were collected with swabs from all test females in the morning from the initial dosing day to the day of mating or end of mating period to confirm the estrous cycle. The obtained smears were collected on a plate for each animal and thionine-eosin-stained. The estrous cycle was classified into diestrus, proestrus, estrus and metestrus. The mean estrous cycle and the number of the estrous period during the test period were calculated. The data obtained during the mating period were treated as referential data.
Sperm parameters (parental animals):
Parameters examined in [all/P/F1/F2] male parental generations:
testis weight, epididymis weight
Litter observations:
The number of delivered offspring, sex and the presence or absence of external anomalies was examined on day 0 of lactation. Thereafter, clinical signs and mortality were observed daily. Based on the results, the following parameters were calculated: live birth index (%), stillborn rate, viability index on day 4 (%), sex ratio.
All live offspring were weighed individually on days 0 and 4 postpartum.
All live offspring were observed for external anomalies including that in the oral cavity on day 4 of lactation, and subsequently euthanized.
Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
GROSS NECROPSY
- according to guideline

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
- according to guideline
Postmortem examinations (offspring):
Animals were euthanized. Stillborn and dead offspring were fixed and stored. Based on the results, the following parameters were calculated: external anomaly index and external anomaly typing index.
Statistics:
Statistical analysis was performed with computer system, MiTOX-PPL with significant levels of 1% and 5% (two-tailed). The data of offspring were handled on a litter-basis. The body weight and food consumption of the female not pregnant, as well as the body weight after initiation of mating in the females failed mating were excluded from evaluation.
The group mean and standard deviation of the following items were calculated (grip strength, motor activity, body weights, food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, absolute and relative organ weight) and homogeneity of the variance was tested by the Bartlett's test (significant level 5%). When the variance was homogeneous, the Dunnett's multiple comparison was applied, and when it was not homogeneous, the Steel's multiple comparison was applied for control group and each test substance group.
For Histopathological examination, the grades were converted to numerical values, and the Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare between the control and each test substance group.
Reproductive indices:
Copulation index, fertility index, gestation index and sex ratio were tested with the chi-square test for comparison between the control and each test substance group.
Implantation index and stillborne rate were tested with the Wilcoxon's rank sum test for comparison between the control and each test substance group.
Offspring viability indices:
External anomaly index, external anomaly typing index, live birth index and viability index on day 4 were tested with the Wilcoxon's rank sum test for comparison between the control and each test substance group.

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
chromaturia (blight yellow) were noted in high dose animals from day 2 until final dosing day (males) or two days after final dosing (females).
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
no effects observed
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
At the end of the treatment period: in high dose animals orange pigment was observed in the granulocyte of the villus of the duodenum (1 male), in teh villus of the jejenum (3m, 2f) and in the villus of the ileum (1m, 2f).
Other effects:
no effects observed

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
no effects observed
Reproductive function: sperm measures:
not examined
Reproductive performance:
no effects observed

Effect levels (P0)

open allclose all
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
reproductive toxicity
Effect level:
>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No substance related changes weer observed on reproductive parameters in the parental animals.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: see 'Remark'

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Mortality / viability:
no mortality observed
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Sexual maturation:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
not examined
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings:
not examined

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
offspring
Generation:
F1
Effect level:
>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: No substance related changes were observed in offsprings.

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:
not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
As no changes on reproduction toxicity related to the test substance were observed in the parental animals, the NOAEL for reproductive toxicity is considered to be at least 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
In the absence of substance related effects in the offspring, the NOAEL offspring is considered to be at least 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
Executive summary:

E-Y110 was repeatedly administered by oral gavage at dose levels of 0, 50, 250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day to rats to determine the effects of repeated toxicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity as well as reversibility of changes. Males and satellite females received the test substance from day 14 before mating through mating for 42 days, whereas females received the test substance 14 days before mating, through gestation and parturition until day 4 of lactation. Repeated dose toxicity was confined to the high dose group. In high dose females an increase in motor activity was observed in the FOB, and in high dose males an increase in eosinophil ratio. In some high dose animals, histopathological examination of the GI tract showed orange pigment in granulocytes of villus of the duodenum, villus of the jejenum and in villus of the ileum. Based on these observations, the NOAEL for repeated dose toxicity is set at 250 mg/kg bw/day

In the parental animals no substance related effects were observed on reproductive parameters. Based on the abasence of effects on reproduction, the NOAEL for reproductive toxicity is set at 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested. In the offspring, no substance related effects were observed, and therefore the NOAEL for offspring is set at 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.