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EC number: 800-182-9 | CAS number: 1426148-68-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012-10-17 to 2012-10-23
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
- Report date:
- 2013
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Alcohols, C6-C8-(even numbered, linear)-ethoxylated (<2,5 EO)
- EC Number:
- 800-182-9
- Cas Number:
- 1426148-68-6
- Molecular formula:
- R-O-R' , whereas R=C6-8-(even numbered, linear, saturated)-alkyl and R'=H or xEO wheras x=1-12, mean=2,3
- IUPAC Name:
- Alcohols, C6-C8-(even numbered, linear)-ethoxylated (<2,5 EO)
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Alcohols, C6-8 alkyl-(even, linear), ethoxylated (< 2.5 EO)
- Physical state: Liquid, colourless
- Analytical purity: 90 % (calculated as 100 % minus water)
- Purity test date: 2012-06-15
- Lot/batch No.: ESD0006420 (19.05.2011)
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2013-09-01
- Stability under test conditions: Not specified
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature, protected from light, in original container.
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 2.50 - 5.00 - 10.0 - 20.0 - 40.0 mg/L
- Sampling method: All concentration levels of the test item and the control were analysed by LC-MS/MS in the fresh media (day 7, 9, 14) and old media (day 9, 12, 16).
As the recoveries of samples taken on day 2 (old media) were not plausible, an additional sampling interval on days 7 (fresh media) and 9 (old media) was included. Results of the first sampling interval (days 0 and 2) were not taken into account.
For the analyses of the old media, separate replicates without daphnids and algae were prepared and stored under test conditions until sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at room temperature before preparation and before analysis, if necessary.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions (40.0 mg/L of the test item were weighed out) were freshly prepared with dilution water. Dispersion treatment was agitation.
- Eluate: Dilution water
- Differential loading: 2.50 - 5.00 - 10.0 - 20.0 - 40.0 mg/L
- Controls: 10 replicates of dilution water without test item.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna STRAUS
- Strain/clone: Clone 5
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Daphnia magna STRAUS is recommended in the guideline
- Source: Own breeding (Origin: Institut fuer Wasser- Boden- und Lufthygiene)
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): > 14 days
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Mix of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Amount: 0.2 mg C/daphnia per day
- Frequency: renewals 3 times per week
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h in dilution water
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: During acclimation the daphnids were not fed
- Feeding frequency: None
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Healthy
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: The parent animals were removed from the culture medium and the juveniles collected over a sieve and flushed into fresh medium
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not observed
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Total Hardness [mg/L] as CaCO3
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 2 Day 9 Day 12 Day 14 Day 16
2012-11-14 2012-11-16 2012-11-23 2012-11-26 2012-11-28 2012-11-30
40.0 178 164 164 167 167 174
Control 169 169 171 173 169 162 - Test temperature:
- Temperature [°C]
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 2 Day 9 Day 12 Day 14 Day 16
2012-11-14 2012-11-16 2012-11-23 2012-11-26 2012-11-28 2012-11-30
40.0 19.4 20.9 20.3 20.7 20.8 20.5
Control 20.1 20.8 19.9 20.3 19.8 19.9 - pH:
- pH-Values
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 2 Day 9 Day 12 Day 14 Day 16
2012-11-14 2012-11-16 2012-11-23 2012-11-26 2012-11-28 2012-11-30
40.0 8.04 8.04 8.40 7.92 8.03 7.64
Control 8.31 8.09 8.89 7.68 8.34 7.55 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved Oxygen Concentration [mg/L]
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 2 Day 9 Day 12 Day 14 Day 16
2012-11-14 2012-11-16 2012-11-23 2012-11-26 2012-11-28 2012-11-30
40.0 8.87 3.58 8.65 7.49 8.73 7.03
Control 9.03 9.11 9.09 7.01 8.63 7.51 - Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods"
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with parafilm
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL glass beaker, filled with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): 3 x per week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control and pH-control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of > 140 mg CaCO3/L.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark per day
- Light intensity: Max. 20 µE*m-2*s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Adult mortality: daily
- Number of juveniles: daily
- Stillborn juveniles and aborted eggs: daily
- Appearance of first brood
- Intrinsic rate of natural increase: test end
- Growth (total length and dry weight): test end
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
The concentration range was based on the results of the acute immobilization test (NOACK Lab-ID: 120214CB/DAI14967) conducted at the test facility. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 26.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI (18.5-33.4 mg/L)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals:
The test item did not induce biologically significant adult mortality within the tested concentration range after 21 days. In the concentration levels 2.50 and 5.00 mg/L and in the control, all parental daphnids survived until the end of the test after 21 days. One of ten parental daphnids each at the concentration levels of 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L, and two of ten parental daphnids at the concentration level of 40.0 mg/L died during the test period of 21 days, which is not biologically significant. For the adult mortality, no EC-values could be determined, because no significant effects were observed.
- No. of offspring produced per day per female:
The average number of living juveniles per surviving parental daphnid at the end of the test after 21 days was 82 in the control group. The reproductive output was statistically significant reduced in comparison to the control in the concentration level of 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L (One Way Analysis of Variance, DUNNETT’S method, p < 0.05). In the concentration levels of 2.50 to 10.0 mg/L, the reproductive output was comparable to the reproductive output in the control.
The coefficient of variation of the number of living offspring produced per parent was 12 % in the control. In the test groups the coefficient of variation was in the range of 7 to 88%. A biologically significant coefficient of variation of more than 25 % was observed at the concentration levels of 20.0 mg/L (26 %) and 40.0 mg/L (88 %).
Based on the statistically significant reduction of the reproductive output and the increased coefficient of variation of more than 25 % at the concentration levels of 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 21 days was assessed at 10.0 mg/L and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) was assessed at 20.0 mg/L.
The EC10-value for the reduction of the reproductive output was calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression to be 8.99 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: < 2.50 – 19.0 mg/L). The EC50-value for the reduction of the reproductive output was calculated accordingly to be 26.1 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 18.5 – 33.4 mg/L).
- Body length and weight of parent animals:
The mean values of the body length of the surviving parental daphnids in the tested concentration levels of 2.50 to 40.0 mg/L were determined to be in the range of 4.25 to 5.25 mm per daphnid, 5.23 mm per daphnid in the control group.
The mean dry body weight was determined to be in the range of 0.475 to 1.29 mg per daphnid in the concentration levels 2.50 to 40.0 mg/L and 1.19 mg per daphnid in the control
- Type and number of morphological / behavioural abnormalities:
please refer to the respective table
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch:
The first brood was released till day 9 by all parental daphnids of the control and the concentration level of 2.50 mg/L. One parental daphnids at the concentration level of 20.0 mg/L and two parental daphnids each at the concentration levels of 5.00, 10.0 and 40.0 mg/L released the first brood on day 10 and later.
In the tested concentration levels of 2.50 to 20.0 mg/L and in the control, 4 to 5 broods were produced by the surviving parental daphnids. Five of eight surviving parental daphnids in the concentration level of 40.0 mg/L produced 1 – 2 broods and three of eight surviving daphnids produced no living juveniles - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 (24 h) = 1.73 (CI 1.67 - 1.79) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEC and the LOEC for the reproduction were deduced directly from the results. Significant deviations were determined in comparison to the control using statistical standard procedures as normality test, equal variance test and analysis of variance (parametric ANOVA, DUNNETT’S method).
Prior to running the parametric ANOVA, a normality test and an equal variance test were performed. P-values of the normality and equal variance tests should be 0.05. Actually, the P-values were < 0.05 and therefore normality and equal variance test failed for the statistical evaluation of the reproduction rates.
The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) was a=0.05.
For the determination of significant deviations of the reproduction rates, One Way Analysis of Variance, DUNNETT’S method (p < 0.05) was used.
The coefficients of variation around the mean number of living offspring produced per parent in the control and the test groups were evaluated.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Number of Juveniles in the Control and Test Groups after 21 Days
Nominal Test Item Conc. [mg/L] |
No. of Parents prod. Juv. |
Mean No. of Juveniles per Parent producing Juveniles |
Comparison versus Control |
||||||||||||||
Number of Living Juveniles in Replicate No. |
Total No. |
CV |
|||||||||||||||
Red. |
Stat. |
||||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
å |
N |
MV ± SD |
[%] |
[%] |
|||
40.0 |
0 |
8 |
6 |
-- |
0 |
-- |
0 |
7 |
4 |
8 |
33 |
8 |
4 ± |
4 |
88* |
95 |
yes |
20.0 |
50 |
42 |
43 |
-- |
78 |
37 |
68 |
49 |
66 |
64 |
497 |
9 |
55 ± |
14 |
26* |
33 |
yes |
10.0 |
53 |
77 |
70 |
61 |
75 |
108 |
66 |
-- |
70 |
74 |
654 |
9 |
73 ± |
15 |
21 |
11 |
no |
5.00 |
69 |
70 |
79 |
72 |
90 |
69 |
74 |
61 |
85 |
68 |
737 |
10 |
74 ± |
9 |
12 |
10 |
no |
2.50 |
89 |
89 |
92 |
79 |
86 |
81 |
84 |
89 |
83 |
74 |
846 |
10 |
85 ± |
6 |
7 |
-3 |
no |
Control |
83 |
73 |
67 |
95 |
82 |
84 |
75 |
98 |
85 |
79 |
821 |
10 |
82 ± |
9 |
12 |
— |
— |
First Appearance of Living Juveniles in the Individual Groups
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
Day of First Appearance of Living Juveniles |
First |
Mean |
|||||||||
in Replicate No. |
Appearance |
Number |
||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Mean Day |
of Broods |
|
40.0 |
no |
9 |
11 |
-- |
no |
-- |
no |
8 |
9 |
14 |
10.2 |
1.00 |
20.0 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
-- |
8 |
8 |
8 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
8.7 |
4.11 |
10.0 |
8 |
10 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
8 |
-- |
9 |
8 |
8.8 |
4.11 |
5.00 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
10 |
8.8 |
4.00 |
2.50 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
8.2 |
4.00 |
Control |
8 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
8.5 |
4.00 |
Mortality [%] of the Adult Daphnids after 7, 14 and 21 Days of Exposure
(n = 10)
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
Adult Mortality [%] |
||
7 days |
14 days |
21 days |
|
40.0 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20.0 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10.0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
5.00 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2.50 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Total Body Length of the Parental Daphnids
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
Total Length of the Parent Animals [mm] |
MV |
N |
Dry Weight |
||||||||||
Replicate No. |
||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
[mm] |
S |
MV |
||
40.0 |
4.00 |
4.50 |
4.50 |
-- |
4.50 |
-- |
4.00 |
3.75 |
4.50 |
4.25 |
4.25 |
8 |
3.8 |
0.475 |
20.0 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
-- |
5.00 |
5.00 |
5.50 |
5.00 |
4.75 |
5.00 |
5.17 |
9 |
9.1 |
1.01 |
10.0 |
4.50 |
5.00 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.00 |
5.00 |
5.50 |
-- |
5.50 |
5.00 |
5.14 |
9 |
9.1 |
1.01 |
5.00 |
5.25 |
5.00 |
5.00 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
4.75 |
5.00 |
5.75 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
10 |
11.9 |
1.19 |
2.50 |
5.00 |
5.00 |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.00 |
5.25 |
5.00 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
5.18 |
10 |
12.9 |
1.29 |
Control |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.00 |
5.75 |
5.00 |
5.00 |
5.00 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.23 |
10 |
11.9 |
1.19 |
Relative Number of Dead (Stillborn + Aborted Eggs) to Total Number of Juveniles
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
Number of Juveniles |
Percentage of Dead Juveniles#) [%] |
||
Dead |
Alive |
Total |
||
40.0 |
14 |
33 |
47 |
29.8 |
20.0 |
30 |
497 |
527 |
5.69 |
10.0 |
10 |
654 |
664 |
1.51 |
5.00 |
24 |
737 |
761 |
3.15 |
2.50 |
9 |
846 |
855 |
1.05 |
Control |
4 |
821 |
825 |
0.485 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The reduction of the reproductive output and the increased coefficients of variation around the mean number of living offspring produced per parent at the concentration levels of 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L were the most sensitive effects in this study.
Based on the statistically significant reduction of the reproductive output and the increased coefficient of variation of more than 25 % at the concentration levels of 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 21 days was assessed at 10.0 mg/L and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) was assessed at 20.0 mg/L.
The EC10-value for the reduction of the reproductive output was calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression to be 8.99 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: < 2.50 – 19.0 mg/L). The EC50-value for the reduction of the reproductive output was calculated accordingly to be 26.1 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 18.5 – 33.4 mg/L).
Endpoints assessed Alcohols, C6-8 alkyl-(even, linear), ethoxylated (<2.5 EO)
Nominal Concentration of the Test Item [mg/L]
EC10 Reproduction 8.99 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: < 2.50 – 19.0 mg/L)
EC50 Reproduction 26.1 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 18.5 – 33.4 mg/L)
EC100 Reproduction > 40.0 mg/L
NOEC 10.0 mg/L
LOEC 20.0 mg/L - Executive summary:
The Daphnia magna Reproduction Test (semi-static, 21 d) of the test item Alcohols, C6-8 alkyl-(even, linear), ethoxylated (2.5 EO) (batch number:ESD0006420) was conducted according to OECD 211 (2008) from 2012-11-14 to 2012-12-06, with the definitive exposure phase from 2012-11-14 to 2012-12-05, at Dr.U.Noack-Laboratorien, Käthe-Paulus-Str. 1, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany .
Test species was Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5). Ten daphnids, individually held, were used per concentration level, and control. At test start the daphnids were 2 to 24 hours old. The study was carried out undersemi-static conditions with renewal of the test solutions three times per week. Aim of the Daphnia Reproduction Test over 21 days was to assess effects on the reproduction capacity and other test item-related effects or parameters such as time of production of first brood, adult mortality, intrinsic rate of natural increase, occurrence of aborted eggs and stillborn juveniles and body length of the parental daphnids.
Nominal concentrations of Alcohols, C6-8 alkyl-(even, linear), ethoxylated (2.5 EO) were selected as follows: 2.50 - 5.00 - 10.0 - 20.0 - 40.0 mg/L.
The concentrations of the test item Alcohols, C6-8 alkyl-(even, linear), ethoxylated (2.5 EO)were analytically verified by LC-MS/MS of samples taken on days 7, 9, 14, (fresh media, 0 h) and on days 9, 12, 16, (old media, 48 and 72 h) of all concentration levels and the control.
The measured concentrations of the test item were in the range of 99 to 120 % of the nominal values in the fresh media (0 h) and 78 to 109 % in the old media (48 and 72 h). The endpoints arebased on the nominal concentrations of Alcohols, C6-8 alkyl-(even, linear), ethoxylated (2.5 EO) since the mean recoveries of the test item were close to 100 % of the nominal values.
· The average number of living juveniles per surviving parental daphnid at the end of the test after 21 days was 82 in the control group. The reproductive output was statistically significant reduced in comparison to the control in the concentration level of 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L (One Way Analysis of Variance, Dunnett’smethod, p 0.05). In the concentration levels of 2.50 to 10.0 mg/L, the reproductive output was comparable to the reproductive output in the control.
· The coefficient of variation of the number of living offspring produced per parent was 12 % in the control. In the test groups the coefficient of variation was in the range of 7 to 88%. A biologically significant coefficient of variation of more than 25 % was observed at the concentration levels of 20.0 mg/L (26 %) and 40.0 mg/L (88 %).
· Based on the statistically significant reduction of the reproductive output and the increased coefficient of variation of more than 25 % at the concentration levels of 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 21 days was assessed at 10.0 mg/L and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) was assessed at 20.0 mg/L.
The EC10-value for the reduction of the reproductive output was calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression to be 8.99 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 2.50 – 19.0 mg/L). The EC50-value for the reduction of the reproductive output was calculated accordingly to be 26.1 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 18.5 – 33.4 mg/L).
No stillborn juveniles and 4 aborted eggs were observed in the control group during the exposure period of 21 days. Related to the total number of produced juveniles (dead + alive) the percentage of dead juveniles was in the range of 1 to 30 % in the tested concentration levels of 2.50 to 40.0 mg/L.
· The intrinsic rates of natural increase (IR) of the surviving parental daphnids accounting for generation time and number of offspring were used for calculation of population growth and maintenance.
· The first brood was released till day 9 by all parental daphnids of the control and the concentration level of 2.50 mg/L. One parental daphnids at the concentration level of 20.0 mg/L and two parental daphnids each at the concentration levels of 5.00, 10.0 and 40.0 mg/L released the first brood on day 10 and later.
In the tested concentration levels of 2.50 to 20.0 mg/L and in the control, 4 to 5 broods were produced by the surviving parental daphnids. Five of eight surviving parental daphnids in the concentration level of 40.0 mg/L produced only 1 - 2 broods and three of eight surviving daphnids produced no living juveniles.· The test item did not induce biologically significant adult mortality within the tested concentration range after 21 days. In the concentration levels 2.50 and 5.00 mg/L and in the control, all parental daphnids survived until the end of the test after 21 days. One of ten parental daphnids each at the concentration levels of 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L, and two of ten parental daphnids at the concentration level of 40.0 mg/L died during the test period of 21 days, which is not biologically significant. For the adult mortality, no EC-values could be determined, because no significant effects were observed.
· The mean values of the body length of the surviving parental daphnids in the tested concentration levels of 2.50 to 40.0 mg/L were determined to be in the range of 4.25 to 5.25 mm per daphnid, 5.23 mm per daphnid in the control group.
The mean dry body weight was determined to be in the range of 0.475 to 1.29 mg per daphnid in the concentration levels 2.50 to 40.0 mg/L and 1.19 mg per daphnid in the control.
· No males and ephippia (winter eggs) were observed in the control or in the test groups.
· Water quality parametersas pH-value, dissolved oxygen, water hardness and temperature were determined to be within the acceptable limits.
· In order to prove the validity of the test system and test conditions at the test facility, an acute immobilization test according to DIN 38412 L 11 is monthly carried out with potassium dichromate as reference item.
The EC50 of the reference item was 1.73 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 1.67 - 1.79 mg/L) after 24 hours and therefore within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 - 2.5 mg/L of quality criteria according to AQS P 9/2 (05/1996) for daphnids clone 5 cultured in Elendt M4 medium. The EC50-value of the reference item is also within the recommended range of 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L according to OECD-Guideline 202.A summary of all test item related effects and the assessed endpoints is given in Table 1.
Table 1: Test Item Related Effects (NOEC, LOEC, EC10, EC50 and EC100)
(based on the nominal concentrations of the test item)
Effects
Alcohols, C6-8 alkyl-(even, linear), ethoxylated (2.5 EO)
Nominal Concentration of the Test Item [mg/L]
Control
2.50
5.00
10.0
20.0
40.0
Mean Number of Living Juveniles per
Producing Parent (Reproduction Rate ± SD)
82 ± 9
85 ± 6
74 ± 9
73 ± 15
55 ± 141)
4 ± 41)
Coefficient of Variation of the Mean Number of Juveniles per Producing Parent [%]
12
7
12
21
262)
882)
Percentage of Dead Juveniles Related to the Total Number of Juveniles [%]
1
1
3
2
6
30
Mean Intrinsic Rates of Natural Increase
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.40
0.43
0.19
Appearance of First Brood [Mean Day]
8.5
8.2
8.8
8.8
8.7
10.2
Mean Number of Broods
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.11
4.11
1.00
Adult Mortality after 21 Days [%]
0
0
0
10
10
20
Parental Daphnids: Mean Dry Weight [mg]
1.19
1.29
1.19
1.01
1.01
0.475
Parental Daphnids: Mean Body Length [mm]
5.23
5.18
5.25
5.14
5.17
4.25
EC10 Reproduction
8.99 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 2.50 – 19.0 mg/L)
EC50 Reproduction
26.1 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 18.5 – 33.4 mg/L)
EC100 Reproduction
> 40.0 mg/L
NOEC
10.0 mg/L
LOEC
20.0 mg/L
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