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EC number: 240-383-3 | CAS number: 16291-96-6 An amorphous form of carbon produced by partially burning or oxidizing wood or other organic matter.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted accroding to the respective OECD guideline
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1. Temperature was slightly lower (18.4 to 23.7°C) than stated in the guidelin (22±2°C). 2. Air supply was interrupted for 90 min, because of a technical problem.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see above
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A measured volume of inoculated mineral medium, containing a known concentration of the test substance (10-20 mg DOC or TOC/l) as the nominal sole source of organic carbon is aerated by the passage of carbon dioxide-free air at a controlled rate in the dark or in diffuse light. Degradation is followed over 28 days by determining the carbon dioxide produced.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Charcoal
- EC Number:
- 240-383-3
- EC Name:
- Charcoal
- Cas Number:
- 16291-96-6
- IUPAC Name:
- Carbón vegetal
- Details on test material:
- Name: Charcoal (Probe 2: C-Fix =80.5%)
Batch no.: 29004
Appearance: Charcoal typic
CAS no.: 16291-96-6
EINECS-no.: 240-383-3
Purity: C-Fix: 80.5%
Expiry date: Dec. 2030
Storage: Room temperature 20 ± 5 °C, keep away from humidity
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
no aplica
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Specification:
Activated sludge from a biologic sewage treatment plant was used. The chosen plant is predominantly treating domestic sewage.
Source:
The sludge was taken from the activation basin of the ESN (Stadtentsorgung Neustadt) sewage treatment plant, Im Altenschemel, NW-Lachen-Speyerdorf.
Date of collection: 03. Sept. 2010, batch no.: 20100903.
Pre-Treatment:
The sludge was filtrated, washed with tap water twice, then washed with and resuspended in test medium. It was then aerated for ≥ 12 hours. The dry matter was determined with 4520 mg suspended solids/L. - Duration of test (contact time):
- ca. 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 25 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: TOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- The temperature was in a range of 18.4 to 23.7°C and therefore slightly lower than stated in the guideline (22 ± 2°C). As all validity criteria were met, this deviation can be stated as uncritical.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Remarks:
- 73.3% DOC
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- no aplicable
- Test performance:
- Samples were collected on day 0, 2, 4, 9, 11, 14, 18, 23, 29. The sample volume was 1 mL. The emitted CO2 was determined by IC measurement using a carbon analyser. Each sample was measured at least in duplicate.
% Degradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- < 2
- Details on results:
- NA
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- The degradation of the reference substance was 64% after 9 d.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The percentage biodegradation in the test flasks was calculated from:
% degradation = ((emitted C (test flask) in mg/L – mean emitted C (inoculum controls) in gm/L) x 100)/ added C in mg/L
Degradation in the positive control and toxicity control was calculated analogously.
Abiotic degradation was calculated from:
% abiotic degradation = (mg emitted C (abiotic) x 100)/ added C in mg/L
Results:
Emitted carbon (emittC) in mg/L
Day |
Inoculum Control 1 |
Inoculum Control 2 |
Positive Control 1 |
Positive Control 2 |
Test Flask1 |
Test Flask 2 |
Abiotic Control |
Toxicity Control |
2 |
0.30 |
0.13 |
0.05 |
0.23 |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.17 |
0.24 |
4 |
0.28 |
0.23 |
3.15 |
3.38 |
0.11 |
0.09 |
0.04 |
4.09 |
7 |
0.81 |
0.94 |
13.33 |
9.76 |
0.69 |
0.78 |
0.10 |
13.35 |
9 |
1.16 |
1.25 |
15.89 |
12.12 |
0.96 |
1.11 |
0.01 |
16.06 |
11 |
1.29 |
1.08 |
16.88 |
15.49 |
1.18 |
1.36 |
-0.01 |
16.81 |
14 |
1.93 |
1.51 |
18.41 |
18.17 |
1.57 |
1.81 |
-0.04 |
18.52 |
18 |
2.02 |
1.93 |
19.76 |
19.51 |
1.91 |
2.43 |
-0.10 |
20.04 |
23 |
2.44 |
2.37 |
19.69 |
20.15 |
2.15 |
2.38 |
-0.21 |
19.11 |
29 |
2.80 |
2.10 |
18.42 |
19.66 |
2.47 |
2.93 |
-0.03 |
19.23 |
Degradation Values
In the following table the percentage biodegradation (% degradation, calculated according to the equation given above) is presented
Biodegradation values in %
Day |
Positive Control 1 |
Positive Control 2 |
Positive Control Mean |
Test Flask 1 |
Test Flask 2 |
Test Mean |
Abiotic Control |
Toxicity Control |
2 |
-0.8 |
0.0 |
-0.4 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
0.9 |
0.0 |
4 |
14.2 |
15.4 |
14.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
0.2 |
9.5 |
7 |
61.4 |
43.8 |
52.6 |
-0.9 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
0.5 |
30.9 |
9 |
72.3 |
53.8 |
63.1 |
-1.2 |
-0.5 |
-0.9 |
0.1 |
36.8 |
11 |
77.3 |
70.5 |
73.9 |
0.0 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
-0.1 |
38.8 |
14 |
82.3 |
81.1 |
81.7 |
-0.7 |
0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
41.7 |
18 |
87.7 |
86.4 |
87.0 |
-0.3 |
2.3 |
1.0 |
-0.5 |
44.8 |
23 |
85.2 |
87.5 |
86.3 |
-1.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.7 |
-1.1 |
41.4 |
29 |
78.7 |
84.8 |
81.7 |
0.1 |
2.4 |
1.2 |
-0.2 |
41.6 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- The test item charcoal (Probe 2:C-Fix = 80.5%) is not readily biodegradable according to OECD 301B.
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