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EC number: 201-178-4 | CAS number: 79-11-8
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic data given.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 992
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Chloroacetic acid, CAS No: 79-11-8
- Author:
- OECD SIDS
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- http://www.inc hem.org/doc uments/sids/s ids/79118.pdf
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Salmonella mutagenicity tests: II. Results from the testing of 270 chemicals
- Author:
- Mortelmans, K. et al.,
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Mutagen. 8 (7), 1-119
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- only 4 strains tested; strain with AT reversion site was included in the study
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chloroacetic acid
- EC Number:
- 201-178-4
- EC Name:
- Chloroacetic acid
- Cas Number:
- 79-11-8
- Molecular formula:
- C2H3ClO2
- IUPAC Name:
- chloroacetic acid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Monochloroacetic acid
- Analytical purity: no data
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- his operon
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 98, TA 100, TA 1537 and TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- co-factor supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), prepared from the livers of Aroclor 1254-induced male Sprague-Dawley rats or Syrian hamster
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- with metabolic activation: 33 - 3 333 µg/plate
without metabolic activation: 10 - 1000 µg/plate
Controls
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- distilled water
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene (+ S9), all strains); 4 - nitrophenylendiamine (-S9, TA 98); sodium azide (- S9, TA 100 and TA 1535); 9-aminoacridine (-S9, TA 1537)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min
- Exposure duration: 48 h
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: triplicates each in 2 independent experiments - Evaluation criteria:
- A positive response was defined as a reproducible, dose-related increase in histidine-independent (revertant) colonies in any one strain/activation combination. An equivocal response was defined as an increase in revertants that was not dose related, not reproducible, or of insufficient magnitude to support a determination of mutagenicity. A negative response was obtained when no increase in revertant colonies was observed following chemical treatment.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation: 1000 µg/mL in TA 100 and TA 1535 (first experiment); with metabolic activation: 3 333 µg/mL (all strains)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type: TA 100
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Test results for experiment 1
With or without S9-Mix |
Test substance concentration (μg/plate) |
Mean number of revertant colonies per plate ± standard deviation |
|||
Base-pair substitution type |
frameshift type |
||||
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
||
– |
0 |
134± 3.8 |
35 ± 1.5 |
26 ± 1.3 |
9 ± 1.2 |
– |
10 |
128±3.0 |
31 ± 1.2 |
22 ± 3.8 |
5 ± 0.3 |
– |
33 |
124 ± 1.0 |
29 ± 4.5 |
24 ± 3.4 |
7 ± 2.5 |
– |
100 |
120 ± 8.6 |
35 ± 0.9 |
25 ± 2.8 |
9 ± 0.9 |
– |
333 |
122 ± 2.0 |
25 ± 2.0 |
24 ± 3.4 |
6 ± 0.3 |
– |
1 000 |
130 ± 5.0s |
19 ± 2.3s |
21 ± 1.7 |
8 ± 2.2 |
– |
Positive controls |
SA |
SA |
4NPD |
9AA |
Mean No. of colonies/plate ± SD |
1 326 ± 14.4 |
1 555 ± 26.7 |
1 727 ± 40.8 |
126 ± 14.8 |
|
+ (10% HLI) |
0 |
107 ± 5.7 |
19 ± 3.2 |
28 ± 3.8 |
8 ± 2.0 |
+ (10% HLI) |
33 |
107 ± 8.5 |
18 ± 2.3 |
28 ± 4.3 |
8 ± 2.1 |
+ (10% HLI) |
100 |
119 ± 10.1 |
18 ± 0.9 |
32 ± 3.3 |
9 ± 1.5 |
+ (10% HLI) |
333 |
113 ± 5.8 |
13 ± 2.3 |
34 ± 1.5 |
8 ± 1.7 |
+ (10% HLI) |
1 000 |
120 ± 0.0 |
12 ± 1.5 |
30 ± 6.4 |
6 ± 1.3 |
+ (10% HLI) |
3 333 |
114 ± 13.9s |
0 ± 0.0s |
7 ± 1.2 |
0 ± 0.0s |
+ (10% HLI) |
Positive controls |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
Mean No. of colonies/plate ± SD |
1 147 ± 48.8 |
115 ± 9.5 |
1,024 ± 88.6 |
126 ± 3.5 |
|
+ (10% RLI) |
0 |
132 ± 6.4 |
22 ± 5.2 |
31 ± 4.4 |
6 ± 1.2 |
+ (10% RLI) |
33 |
124 ± 3.1 |
21 ± 1.0 |
30 ± 3.4 |
6 ± 0.9 |
+ (10% RLI) |
100 |
123 ± 4.7 |
17 ± 2.5 |
27 ± 2.6 |
9 ± 0.3 |
+ (10% RLI) |
333 |
127 ± 3.8 |
15 ± 3.2 |
30 ± 3.2 |
8 ± 2.2 |
+ (10% RLI) |
1 000 |
137 ± 3.5 |
15 ± 1.5 |
20 ± 3.2 |
6 ± 1.0 |
+ (10% RLI) |
3 333 |
121 ± 8.7s |
0 ± 0.0s |
9 ± 1.5s |
0 ± 0.0s |
+ (10% RLI) |
Positive controls |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
Mean No. of colonies/plate ± SD |
2 094 ± 45.9 |
46 ± 5.4 |
854 ± 3.9 |
67 ± 2.7 |
|
SA = sodium azide
9AA = 9-aminoacridine
4NPD = 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine
2AA = 2-aminoanthracene
SD = standard deviation
HLI = induced male Syrian hamster liver S9
RLI = induced male Sprague Dawley rat liver S9
s = slight toxicity
Table 2. Test results for experiment 2
With or without S9-Mix |
Test substance concentration (μg/plate) |
Mean number of revertant colonies per plate ± standard deviation |
|||
Base-pair substitution type |
frameshift type |
||||
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
||
– |
0 |
135 ± 3.2 |
21 ± 0.9 |
23 ± 3.3 |
7 ± 1.2 |
– |
10 |
143 ± 5.5 |
25 ± 4.7 |
16 ± 1.9 |
7 ± 0.9 |
– |
33 |
134 ± 5.2 |
20 ± 1.2 |
20 ± 1.2 |
6 ± 1.5 |
– |
100 |
135 ± 14.3 |
18 ± 1.0 |
18 ± 2.0 |
10 ± 1.2 |
– |
333 |
135 ± 2.6 |
12 ± 2.3 |
17 ± 1.2 |
7 ± 0.6 |
– |
1000 |
131 ± 10.3 |
9 ± 1.2 |
18 ± 1.5 |
8 ± 0.3 |
– |
Positive controls |
SA |
SA |
4NPD |
9AA |
Mean No. of colonies/plate ± SD |
1 207 ± 21.9 |
824 ± 10.2 |
1 614 ± 39.2 |
225 ± 22.3 |
|
+ (10% HLI) |
0 |
109 ± 3.6 |
9 ± 1.3 |
30 ± 3.7 |
9 ± 0.9 |
+ (10% HLI) |
100 |
114 ± 3.3 |
10 ± 1.3 |
28 ± 3.8 |
9 ± 1.5 |
+ (10% HLI) |
333 |
110 ± 4.4 |
9 ± 1.2 |
28 ± 2.7 |
7 ± 2.0 |
+ (10% HLI) |
1 000 |
116 ± 9.6 |
8 ± 0.6 |
25 ± 1.7 |
9 ± 2.2 |
+ (10% HLI) |
2 000 |
113 ± 7.1 |
0 ± 0.3 |
20 ± 4.3 |
2 ± 0.7 |
+ (10% HLI) |
3 333 |
78 ± 8.5s |
0 ± 0.0s |
13 ± 1.9 |
0 ± 0.0s |
+ (10% HLI) |
Positive controls |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
Mean No. of colonies/plate ± SD |
2 405 ± 109.4 |
173 ± 7.8 |
2 657 ± 71.9 |
313 ± 18.8 |
|
+ (10% RLI) |
0 |
136 ± 6.5 |
10 ± 2.3 |
28 ± 4.1 |
11 ± 3.0 |
+ (10% RLI) |
100 |
146 ± 7.7 |
12 ± 2.1 |
26 ± 3.8 |
9 ± 1.8 |
+ (10% RLI) |
333 |
131 ± 7.4 |
9 ± 2.0 |
28 ± 2.3 |
10 ± 22 |
+ (10% RLI) |
1 000 |
139 ± 0.9 |
12 ± 2.6 |
28 ± 3.0 |
7 ± 0.6 |
+ (10% RLI) |
2 000 |
143 ± 6.4 |
3 ± 0.9 |
18 ± 2.4 |
1 ± 0.9 |
+ (10% RLI) |
3 333 |
111 ± 7.8s |
0 ± 0.0s |
9 ± 2.2 |
0 ± 0.3s |
+ (10% RLI) |
Positive controls |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
Mean No. of colonies/plate ± SD |
1 114 ± 51.1 |
66 ± 0.7 |
941 ± 46.9 |
104 ± 8.5 |
|
SA = sodium azide
9AA = 9-aminoacridine
4NPD = 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine
2AA = 2-aminoanthracene
SD = standard deviation
HLI = induced male Syrian hamster liver S9
RLI = induced male Sprague Dawley rat liver S9
s = slight toxicity
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
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