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EC number: 203-402-6 | CAS number: 106-48-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to reproduction: other studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Study period:
- 1991
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Documentation insufficient for assessment; non-standard test systems.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- In vivo and in vitro structure-dosimetry-activity relationships of substituted phenols in developmental toxicity assays.
- Author:
- Kavlock RJ, Oglesby L, Hall LL et al.
- Year:
- 1 991
- Bibliographic source:
- Reprod Toxicol. 5:255-258.
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Evaluation of structure-dosimetry-activity relationships (SDARs).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- other: in vivo /in vitro
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-chlorophenol
- EC Number:
- 203-402-6
- EC Name:
- 4-chlorophenol
- Cas Number:
- 106-48-9
- Molecular formula:
- C6H5ClO
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-chlorophenol
Constituent 1
Administration / exposure
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
in vivo test: 1000 mg/kg - max. maternal dose
Basis:
nominal conc.
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results:
The potential to induce embryotoxicity in vitro was not well correlated with the potential to induce developmental toxicity in vivo: whereas the in vitro data demonstrates that the phenols are intrinsically embryotoxic, few of them actually produced significant developmental toxicity in the in vivo system, and there were few positive correlations between effects observed in the two systems.
Embryonic dosimetry obtained for the in vitro assay system indicated that the principal determining factor in producing embryotoxicity of a phenol in vitro is the ability to gain access into the embryo, but that once in the embryo, the lipophilic phenols are more toxic on a per molecule basis. Furthermore, embryonic dosimetry data for two phenols indicated that for a given exposure, in vitro embryos will accumulate more of a phenol than will the in vivo embryos.
So, in contrast to the in vivo findings, where few of the phenols actually produced developmental toxicity at a maximum maternal dose of 1000 mg/kg, all 13 phenols tested in vitro produced embryotoxicity (measured as growth retardation or as the incidence of structural abnormalities), with effective concentrations generally less than 0.5 mM.
In summary, the authors have undertaken a systematic study of the response of in vivo and in vitro embryos to a series of structural analogues, and attempted to relate the potency of the congeners to specific physicochemical properties. While different conclusions were reached about the potency of the phenols in the two systems, the assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters provided insight into the deposition and activity of these congeners in the embryo and have pointed us in the direction of determining the reason(s) for the differences that were observed.
This material was presented at the symposium entitled "Application of Pharmacokinetics in Developmental Toxicity Risk Assessments" held in conjunction with the 1990 meeting of the Society of Toxicology.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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