Magnesium

Health surveillance data

Administrative data

Endpoint:

health surveillance data

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Well documented publication.The current study investigates effects of magnesium oxide (MgO). Both magnesium and oxide ions are present in dolomitic lime variants. Although MgO and dolomitic lime are not equivalent they may nevertheless be expected to exert very similar effects, particularly local irritating effects on skinand mucous membranes. MgO can be considered as a structurally equivalent surrogate for the Mg and oxide fraction in dolomitic lime variants, and the results of the study can be used by read-across.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Human pulmonary responses to experimental inhalation of high concentration fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles

Author:

Kuschner, W.G.; et al.

Year:

1997

Bibliographic source:

Environ. Health Perspectives, Vol. 105, No. 11, 1234-1237

Materials and methods

Study type:

medical monitoring

Endpoint addressed:

acute toxicity: inhalation

respiratory irritation

respiratory sensitisation

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Characterisation of human pulmonary responses to controlled experimental high-dose exposure to fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles.
The autors exposed six normal volunteer subjects to inhaled purified magnesium oxide particles. The autors produced metal oxide fume with a furnace system under controlled conditions and quantified cumulative magnesium oxide dose for each exposure. The autors assessed partide size and particle shape by cascade impactor analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The autors analyzed pulmonary inflammatory cell and cytokine responses 20 hr postexposure by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and we compared these findings with paired control BAL samples in the same six subjects obtained without prior magnesium oxide exposure. They also compared peripheral blood neutrophil and pulmonary function 18 hr postexposure with baseline values. The investigation was approved by the University of California, San Francisco, Committee on Human Research.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Magnesium oxide

EC Number:

215-171-9

EC Name:

Magnesium oxide

Cas Number:

1309-48-4

IUPAC Name:

magnesium oxide

Test material form:

aerosol dispenser: not specified

Remarks:

migrated information: aerosol

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Magnesium oxide dust
-particles were fine (<2.5 micron in diameter).

Method

Type of population:

general

Ethical approval:

confirmed, but no further information available

Details on study design:

Subjects: 6 healthy volunteers, 4 male and 2 female subjects, 3 smokers and 3 non-smokers, aged between 21 and 43.
Treatment: Inhalation of fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles produced from a furnace system model. Individual exposure concentrations were (duration in parentheses) 5.8 (45 min), 230 (15 min), 210 (20 min), 123 (45 min), 110 (45 min), and 143 (45 min) mg/m³, given as MgO. By weight, 28 % of the fume particles were ultrafine (<0.1 µm in diameter) and over 98 % of fume particles were fine (<2.5 µm in diameter).
Subjects inhaled magnesium oxide fume with medical-grade air through a mouth-breathing face mask.
Observations: 18 to 20 hours after inhalation, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell and cytokine concentrations, pulmonary function and peripheral blood neutrophil concentrations were quantified. Post-exposure studies were compared with control studies from the same 6 subjects.

Results and discussion

Results:

Symptoms, pulmonary function, and peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte concentrations.
None of the subjects documented a fever or reported symptoms postexposure consistent with classic metal fume fever (myalgia, malaise, headache, or respiratory complaints). There was no overall postexposure fall in pulmonary function; slight increases in TLC (mean increase of 100 cc) and DLCO (mean increase of 0.9 ml/min/mm Hg) were not statistically significant. There was a mean decrease of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte concentrations postexposure of 1.1 x 10-3 ± 1.0 x 10-3 (SE)/mm3 compared with baseline, which was also not statistically significant (p>0.3).
Bronchoalveolar lavage cells and cytokines.
There were no significant differences in BAL inflammatory cell concentrations, BAL interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, pulmonary function, or peripheral blood neutrophil concentrations postexposure compared with control. Our findings suggest that high-dose fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particle exposure does not produce a measurable pulmonary inflammatory response. These findings are in marked contrast with the well-described pulmonary inflammatory response following zinc oxide particle inhalation. They conclude that fine and ultrafine particle inhalation does not result in toxicity in a generic manner independent of particle composition

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

It was concluded that fine and ultrafine particle inhalation (MgO) do not result in toxicity in a generic manner independent of particle composition. The findings support the concept that particle chemical composition, in addition to particle size, is an important determinant of respiratory effects.

Executive summary:

Exposure to air polluted with particles less than 2.5 micron in size is associated epidemiologically with adverse cardiopulmonary health consequences in humans. The goal of this study was to characterize human pulmonary responses to controlled experimental high-dose exposure to fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles.The autorsquantified bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell and cytokine concentrations, pulmonary function, and peripheral blood neutrophil concentrations in six healthy volunteers 18 to 20 hr after inhalation of fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particles produced from a furnace system model.The autorscompared postexposure studies with control studies from the same six subjects. Mean +/- standard deviation (SD) cumulative magnesium dose was 4,138 +/- 2,163 min x mg/m3. By weight, 28% of fume particles were ultrafine (<0.1 micron in diameter) and over 98% of fume particles were fine (<2.5 micron in diameter).

There were no significant differences in BAL inflammatory cell concentrations, BAL interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, pulmonary function, or peripheral blood neutrophil concentrations postexposure compared with control. Our findings suggest that high-dose fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide particle exposure does not produce a measurable pulmonary inflammatory response. These findings are in marked contrast with the well-described pulmonary inflammatory response following zinc oxide particle inhalation.Theyconclude that fine and ultrafine particle inhalation does not result in toxicity in a generic manner independent of particle composition. Our findings support the concept that particle chemical composition, in addition to particle size, is an important determinant of respiratory effects.