Fatty acids, C8-10, diesters with 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol

Ecotoxicological Summary

Hazard for aquatic organisms

Freshwater

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (freshwater)

PNEC value:

0.02 mg/L

Assessment factor:

50

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):

0.49 mg/L

Marine water

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.002 mg/L

Assessment factor:

500

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

STP

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC STP

PNEC value:

3.06 mg/L

Assessment factor:

10

Sediment (freshwater)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (freshwater)

PNEC value:

0.64 mg/kg sediment dw

Sediment (marine water)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.064 mg/kg sediment dw

Hazard for terrestrial organisms

Soil

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC soil

PNEC value:

0.115 mg/kg soil dw

Hazard for predators

Secondary poisoning

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC oral

PNEC value:

444.44 mg/kg food

Assessment factor:

90

Additional information

Fatty acids, C8-10, diesters with 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol

(CAS No. 1215036-04-6): PNEC calculation

Author: Roberto Paganelli

Date: 04/02/2011

PNEC water (freshwater)

	Value	Assessment factor	Remarks/Justification
PNEC water (freshwater)	0.02 mg/L	50	Based on the results of two long-term toxicity studies with freshwater aquatic organisms

The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of long-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.

Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available. Longterm results from daphnia and algae representing two trophic levels are available. It should be noted that the Algae Growth Inhibition Test result is treated as supplementary long-term result because it is in principle a multi-generation test.

The most critical result is the 21 days NOEC in daphnia of 1 mg/L, hence it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 1 mg/L as the lowest end of the toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 50 to the lowest end of the long-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.02 mg/L.

PNEC aquatic organisms = long-term toxicity range/50 = 0.02 mg/L

PNEC water (marine water)

	Value	Assessment factor	Remarks/Justification
PNEC water (marinewater)	0.002 mg/L	500	Based on the results of two long-term toxicity studies with freshwater aquatic organisms

The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of long-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.

Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae from freshwater species and representing three trophic levels are available. Long-term results from daphnia and algae from freshwater species and representing two trophic levels are available. It should be noted that the Algae Growth Inhibition Test result is treated as supplementary long-term result because it is in principle a multi-generation test.

The most critical result is the 21 days NOEC in daphnia of 1 mg/L, hence it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 1 mg/L as the lowest end of the toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 50 to the lowest end of the long-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.002 mg/L.

PNEC aquatic organisms = long-term toxicity range/500 = 0.002 mg/L

PNEC water (intermittent release)

	Value	Assessment factor	Remarks/Justification
PNEC water (intermittent release)	0.49 mg/L	100	Based on the results of short-term toxicity studies with aquatic organisms

The general principle given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the PNEC-values derived for freshwater or marine waters are based on the implicit assumption that the environmental exposure is constant. However, in many cases, discharges will be limited in time. In such cases, the environmental exposure will also be limited in time, and it is assumed that when exposure stops rapidly, populations can tolerate higher concentrations than when it is long lasting.

Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available. The most critical short-term result is the 48 hour EC50 in daphnia of 49 mg/L. Therefore, it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 49 mg/L as the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 100 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.49 mg/L.

PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/100 = 0.49 mg/L

PNEC Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

	Value	Assessment factor	Remarks/Justification
PNEC sewage Treatment Plant (STP)	3.06	100	Based on the results of ready biodegradation test

The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor.

The PNEC is derived from the available ready biodegradability test (OECD 301B). An assessment factor (AF) of 10 is applied to the test concentration of 30.6 mg/L (corresponding at 20 mg/L as organic carbon) at which the test item is not assumed to be inhibitory towards inoculum, obtaining a PNEC for microorganisms of 3.06 mg/L.

PNEC microorganisms = test concentration with no toxicity /10 = 3.06 mg/L

PNEC sediment (freshwater)

	Value	Assessment factor	Remarks/Justification
PNEC sediment(freshwater)	0.64 mg/kg	not applicable	Equilibrium partitioning Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Predominantly hydrophobic Log Kow: 2.9

An estimation of the PNEC sediment can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):

PNEC sediment = (Ksusp-water / RHOsusp) * PNECwater * 1000

Where:

Ksusp-water = 7.94 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)

RHOsusp = 1150 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)

PNECwater [freshwater] = 0.02 mg/L

Conversion factor wet-dry suspended matter = 4.6

Hence:

PNECsediment wet = (7.94 / 1150) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.138 mg/kg

PNECsediment dry = 0.138 * 4.6 = 0.64 mg/kg

PNEC sediment (marine water)

	Value	Assessment factor	Remarks/Justification
PNEC sediment(marinewater)	0.064 mg/kg	not applicable	Equilibrium partitioning Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Predominantly hydrophobic Log Kow: 2.9

An estimation of the PNEC sediment can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):

PNEC sediment = (Ksusp-water / RHOsusp) * PNECwater * 1000

Where:

Ksusp-water = Ksusp-water = 7.94 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)

RHOsusp = 1150 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)

PNECwater [marine] = 0.002 mg/L

Conversion factor wet-dry suspended matter = 4.6 (according to EUSES2.1)

Hence:

PNECsediment = (7.94 / 1150) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.0138 mg/kg

PNECsediment dry = 0.0138 * 4.6 = 0.064 mg/kg

PNEC soil

	Value	Assessment factor	Remarks/Justification
PNEC soil	0.115 mg/kg	not applicable	Equilibrium partitioning Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Predominantly hydrophobic Log Kow: 2.9Water solubility: 5 mg/L at 20 °C Vapour pressure: 0.03 Pa at 25°C MW: 410 g/mol

An estimation of the PNECsoil can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):

PNECsoil = (Ksoil-water / RHOsoil) * PNECwater * 1000

Where:

Ksoil-water = 8.64 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)

RHOsoil = 1700 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)

PNECwater [freshwater] = 0.02 mg/L

Conversion factor wet-dry soil = 1.13 (according to EUSES2.1)

Hence:

PNECsoil wet = (8.64 / 1700) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.102 mg/kg

PNECsoil dry = 0.102 * 1.13 = 0.115 mg/kg

PNEC oral

	Value	Assessment factor	Remarks/Justification
PNEC oral	444.44 mg/kg	90	Based on the result of a chronic study in mammals

The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of long-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.

The most relevant data for derivation of the PNEC for secondary poisoning are from a 90 days study in the rat. The NOAEL of 1,000 mg/kg bw/day is available. Using the conversion factors given in Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (2003):

LOAEL = 2,000 mg/kg bw/d NOECmammal = NOAELmammal × CONVmammal

NOEC = 2000 mg/kg bw/d × 20 (animal age > 6 weeks) = 40000 mg/kg food.

According to Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (2003) an assessment factor of 90 is appropriate for the results of a study of this duration. Therefore, applying this assessment factor:

PNECoral = NOAEL/AF = 40000/90 = 444.44 mg/kg food

Conclusion on classification

The L(E)C50 values for fish and algae both fall in the range >= 100 mg/L, and the EC50 values for Daphnia (49 mg/L) falls in the range 10 to 100 mg/L, they are all indicate a low order of toxicity. The combination of readily biodegradability suggests low potential hazard of long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Therefore, Isosorbide diesters is not classified dangerous to environment.