Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

July 2001

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study is assigned a reliability of 1 because it was conducted under GLP guidelines and followed a standard test guideline without deviations from the protocol.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA/600/4-90/027F

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Exposure solutions were prepared as water accommodated fractions (WAFs) for use on days 1 and 3 by adding 1 part test substance to 10 parts test water. This test solution was mixed for approximately 20 hours using a magnetic stir bar and stir plate. The vortex produced during mixing was not allowed to exceed 25% of the distance from the liquid surface to the bottom of the closed mixing chamber. After mixing, the WAFs were allowed to stand to separate the aqueous and organic fractions and the aqueous phase was removed from a point near the bottom of the mixing chamber by siphoning the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase of the 1:10 part solution was used as the 100% WAF. Dilutions of the 100% WAF were made to prepare a series of exposure solutions with lower loadings of the test substance, which included a 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% solution of the 100% WAF. A control solution was also included. The test loading on a weight basis was calculated using a test substance density of 0.768 gm/ml.

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Fathead minnows were developed from an in-house culture. At the time of test initiation, the test organisms were 5 days old. The young fish appeared to be in good physical condition and were transferred directly from culture water to test solutions without acclimation.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

98 to 100 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

19 to 20 degrees C

pH:

7.8 to 8.4

Dissolved oxygen:

6.4 to 7.1 mg/L O2

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 76 800 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Percent survival at 96 hours:
Control 97.5
12.5% WAF 100
25% WAF 100
50% WAF 100
75% WAF 100
100% WAF 97.5

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Reference toxicant test results were within the lab's historical 95% control limits. Reference substance was NaCL.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance at a loading of 76800 mg/L did not produce a significant effect on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) after a 96-hour exposure. Consequently the 96-hr LC50 is reported as >76800 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance at a loading of 76800 mg/L did not produce a significant effect on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) after a 96-hour exposure. Consequently the 96-hr LC50 is reported as >76800 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

November 1994

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

The justification for read across is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

DO in the Day 4, 24-hour old, 2 lowest exposure solutions fell slightly below the 60% saturation guideline. DO was 5.5 mg/L in both solutions. This is not believed to have affected the outcome of the study as no mortality or abnormal behavior were noted.

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples were taken for analysis from selected new and 24-hour old solutions on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Individual treatment solutions were prepared by adding the test substance, via syringe, to 17 L of laboratory blend water in 20 L glass carboys that were sealed to minimize volatile loss of test material. The stock solutions were mixed for 24 hours with a vortex of <10% (1-2 cm vortex). Mixing was performed using a magnetic stir plate and teflon stir bar. After mixing, the solutions were allowed to settle for one hour and the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was then siphoned from the bottom of the mixing vessel and added to the test vessels. Siphons were placed in the carboys prior to adding the test material.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were supplied by the Thomas Fish Co. (Anderson, CA, USA) at an age of approximately 4.5 weeks. Control fish at test termination had a mean weight of 0.294 g and a mean total length of 3.4 cm. The organism loading was 0.33 g fish/L. The fish were slightly smaller than the guideline suggestion of 4.0 to 6.0 cm, and were purposely selected to help maintain oxygen levels in the closed system.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

Approximately 224 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

15.5 to 16.0 degrees C for the new and 24-hour old test solutions.
15.0 to 16.0 degrees C for the new and 24-hour old control solution.

pH:

7.1 to 8.6 for the new and 24-hour old test solutions.
7.0 to 8.0 for the new and 24-hour old control solution.

Dissolved oxygen:

5.5 to 9.5 mg/L for the new and 24-hour old test solutions. The 24-hour old test solution for the highest treatment level was 5.5 mg/L.
7.0 to 10.1 mg/L for the new and 24-hour old control solution.

Salinity:

Freshwater

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal treatment levels were control, 1.0, 2.3, 5.1, 11.0, and 25.0 mg/L, which measured as not detectable, 0.05, 0.13, 0.33, 0.36, and 0.47 mg/L, respectively. The measured data represent the mean values of those samples taken from selected new and old solutions on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 that reported detected values or up to 100% mortality was recorded. Results of samples reported as non detects, which occurred in the lowest treatment level in 2 of 6 samples, were not included in the mean calculations.

Details on test conditions:

Test vessels were 4.0 L aspirator bottles containing 4.5 L of solution sealed with no headspace. Three replicates of each concentration and control were tested, each containing 5 fish. Approximately 80% of each solution was renewed daily from a freshly prepared WAF. Lighting was 72 to 73 ft. candles with 16 hours light and 8 hours dark.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

3.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL was 3.3 to 4.0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Trimmed Spearman Karber Method

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of 3.6 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Executive summary:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of 3.6 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

May 1994

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test material was prepared by stirring the test material in the exposure solution for approximately 24 hours. The stirring was as vigorous as possible without causing an emulsion to form. After stirring, the WAF was allowed to settle for 1 hour before removing the aqueous phase for testing.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Zeals Trout Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. A sample of seven of the fish had a mean length of 4.7 cm and a mean weight of 0.95 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

222 to 290 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

15 to 17 degrees C

pH:

7.1 to 7.4

Dissolved oxygen:

8.6 to 9.8 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal loading rate was 1000 mg/L. A control was also included.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 1L glass aspirator bottles. Seven fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Seven fish were added to the control and treatment solutions. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 0
1000 0 0 0 0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment test systems.

Executive summary:

The water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment systems.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

May 1994

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The water accommodated fraction of the test material was prepared by stirring the test material in the exposure solution for 22 hours after which the the aqueous phase was removed for testing.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Zeals Trouit Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. A sample of seven of the fish had a mean length of 4.7 cm and a mean weight of 0.95 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

220 to 290 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

15 to 17 degrees C

pH:

7.1 to 7.4

Dissolved oxygen:

9.0 to 9.8 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal loading rate was 1000 mg/L. A control was also included.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 1L glass aspirator bottles. Seven fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Seven fish were added to the control and treatment solutions. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 0
1000 0 0 0 0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment test systems.

Executive summary:

The water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment systems.

Description of key information

There is no data available for this substance. However, key data is available for structural analogues, Hydrocarbons, C8-C10, cyclics, <2% aromatics; Hydrocarbons, C10-C12, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics; Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% arom; and Hydrocarbons, C13-C16, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics and presented in the dossier. The data is read across to this substance based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Hydrocarbons, C8-C10, cyclics, <2% aromatics 96-h LL50 (mortality) for Oncorhynchus mykiss of 3.6 mg/L

Hydrocarbons, C10-C12, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics LL50 value for Oncorhynchus mykiss >1000 mg/L. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment systems.

Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics 96-h LL50 (mortality) for Oncorhynchus mykiss >1000 mg/L. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment systems.

Hydrocarbons, C13-C16, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics 96-h LL50 (mortality) for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) >76800 mg/L

Additional information

Five study reports were available and input as endpoint records. Four studies were scientifically reliable according to Klimish (Klimish et al., 1997) scoring (Klimish 2).

Due to the low and variable solubility of the constituents of the substance in water, most of the studies were conducted with water accommodated fractions (WAFs). Marine fish Oncorhynchus mykiss was exposed to Hydrocarbons, C8-C10, cyclics, <2% aromatics; Hydrocarbons, C10-C12, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics; and Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics.

The WAF of Hydrocarbons, C8-C10, cyclics, <2% aromatics produced a 96-hour LL50 value of 3.6 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Exxon 1995). No mortality was observed in the highest dose tested. (Shell 1995). The WAF of Hydrocarbons, C10-C12, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment systems. (Shell 1995). The WAF of Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment systems (Shell 1995).

A study was conducted on the WAF of Hydrocarbons, C13-C16, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics on the marine species fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance at a loading of 76800 mg/L did not produce a significant effect on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) after a 96-hour exposure. Consequently the 96-hr LC50 is reported as >76800 mg/L.