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EC number: 208-590-3 | CAS number: 534-16-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The skin irritation potential of silver carbonate has been investigated in two standardised studies (OECD 404 method). As result, silver carbonate does not required classification for skin irritation according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
The eye irritation potential of silver carbonate has been investigated in two standardised studies (OECD 405 method). According to the more recent key study (Allen, 1992), silver carbonate is considered to be at least a very severy irritant to the rabbit eye (class 7 on a 1-8 scale, according to a modified Kay and Calandra classification system. The test material produced positive criteria in the treated rabbit according to the EEC labelling regulations (EC-Commission directive 67/548/EEC) and was considered to be irritant to the rabbit eye. It is reasonable to assume the symbol "Xi" and highest risk phrase R41 "risk of serious damage to eyes" are required. According to the EC-Regulation 1272/2008 and subsequent regulations, this results in a preacuationary classification Category 1, "Irreversible effects on the eye", with the hazard statement "H318: Causes serious eye damage".
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1992-10-20 to 1992-10-27
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Guideline study, however no information on test item purity and stability was stated. Deviation from the guideline:- the weights of the rabbits at the conclusion of the test were missing- description of any other toxic effects was not given
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- please refer to "Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies" above
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- signed 1992-06-11
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: 12 - 16 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.51 - 2.56 kg
- Housing: The animals were individually housed in suspended metal cages.
- Diet: ad libitum (Spillers Rabbit Diet, Dalgety Agriculture Ltd., Almondsbury, Bristol, U.K)
- Water (ad libitum): mains drinking water
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 16 - 20
- Humidity (%): 39 - 55
- Air changes (per hr): approximately 15
- Photoperiod: 12 hours dark/light cycle - Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: clipped
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): A quantity of 0.5 g of the test material, moistened with distilled water immediately before application, was applied.
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 mL of distilled water - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- approximately 1 hour following the removal of the patches, and 24,48 and 72 hours later and on day 7
- Number of animals:
- 2 male rabbits / 1 female rabbit
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: on the day before the test each of a group of three rabbits was clipped free of fur from the dorsal flank area using veterinary clippers. Only animals with healthy intact epidermis by gross observation were selected for the study.
- Type of wrap if used: The test material was introduced under a 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm gauze patch and placed in position on the shorn skin. The patch was secured in position with a strip of surgical adhesive tape (BLENDERM: approximate size 2.5 cm x 4.0 cm). To prevent the animals interfering with the patches, the trunk of each rabbit was wrapped in an elasticated corset (TUBIGRIP).
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): four hours after application the corset and patches were removed from each animal and any residual test material removed by gentle swabbing with cotton wool soaked in distilled water.
SCORING SYSTEM: The test sites were examined for evidence of primary irritation and scored according to the Draize scale. Any other adverse skin reactions, if present, were also recorded. - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Faint yellow-coloured staining caused by the test material was noted at all treated skin sites following patch removal. This did not affect evaluation of skin responses. The faint yellow-coloured staining had disappeared by the end of the observation period.
Very slight erythema was noted at one treated skin site one hour after patch removal, at two treated skin sites at the 24 and 48-hour observations and at one treated skin site at the 72-hour observation. No adverse skin reactions were noted seven days after treatment.
No corrosive effects were noted. - Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Silver carbonate is not irritating to the skin.
According to the EC-Commission directive 67/548/EEC and its subsequent amendments, the test substance is not classified as irritating to the skin.
According to the EC-Regulation 1272/2008 and subsequent regulations, the test item is not classified as irritating to the skin.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1992-11-02 to 1992-11-03
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Guideline study, however no information on test item purity and stability were stated. Minor deviation from the guideline: - a modified Draize scale was used. According to the Draize scale as stated in the guideline rating for conjunctival redness includes the cornea and iris. The cornea and iris were excluded in this study.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 1987-02-24
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , please refer to "Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies" above
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- signed 1992-06-11
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: approximately 12 to 16 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 3.10 kg
- Housing: the animal was individually housed in a suspended metal cage.
- Diet (ad libitum): Spillers Rabbit Diet, Dalgety Agriculture Ltd., Almondsbury, Bristol, U.K)
- Water(ad libitum): mains drinking water
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 - 20
- Humidity (%): 64 - 66
- Air changes (per hr): approximately 15
- Photoperiod: 12 hours dark/light cycle - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- For the purpose of this study the test material was used as supplied.
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 100 mg test material was placed into the conjunctival sac of the right eye, formed by gently pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball. The upper and lower eyelids were held together for about one second immediately after application, to prevent loss of the test material, and then released. The left eye remained untreated and was used for control purposes. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- not applicable
- Observation period (in vivo):
- approximately 1 and 24 hours following treatment
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 1 male rabbit
- Details on study design:
- Immediately before the start of the test, both eyes of the provisionally selected test rabbit were examined for evidence of ocular irritation or defect with the aid of a light source from a standard ophthalmoscope.
SCORING SYSTEM: Immediately after administration of the test material, an assessment of the initial pain reaction was made. Assessment of ocular damage/irritation was made according to the Draize scale. Any other adverse ocular effects were also noted.
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: Examination of the eye was facilitated by use of the light source from a standard ophthalmoscope. - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: Area of opacity: greater than three quarters, up to whole area; The effect was observed 1h after treatment.The animal was killed for humane reasons immediately after the 24-hour observation.
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: Area of opacity: greater than three quarters, up to whole area
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Effects observed 1 hour after treatment
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: Grey-coloured staining over the nictitating and lower conjunctival membranes; petechial haemorrhage of the nictitating and conjunctival membranes. Effects observed 1 hour after treatment.
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: White appearance of nictitating membrane. Haemorrhage of the nictitating membrane.
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: Discharge with moistening of the lids and hairs a considerable area around the eye. Residual test material around treated eye. Effects observed 1 hour after treatment.
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: Discharge with moistening of the lids and hairs a considerable area around the eye. Residual test material around treated eye.
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Residual test material was noted around the treated eye one and 24 hours after treatment.
Grey-coloured staining over the nictitating membrane and lower conjunctival membranes was noted in the treated eye one hour after treatment. This did not affect evaluation of ocular effects.
Areas of diffuse corneal opacity were noted in the treated eye one hour after treatment. Opaque corneal opacity over the lower half of the cornea with translucent to opalescent corneal opacity in the remaining area of the treated eye was noted at the 24-hour observation.
Iridial inflammation was noted in the treated eye one and 24 hours after treatment.
Moderate conjunctival irritation was noted in the treated eye one hour after treatment with severe conjunctival irritation at the 24-hour observation. Petechial haemorrhage of the nictitating and conjunctival membranes was noted in the treated eye one hour after treatment. Haemorrhage and white appearance of the nicititating membrane were noted in the treated eye at the 24-hour observation with haemorrhage of the conjunctival membrane also noted at this time.
There was an initial pain reaction of 2.
The animal was killed for humane reasons immediately after the 24-hour observation in accordance with current U.K. Home Office guidelines. No further animals were treated. - Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Silver carbonate is considered to be at least a very severy irritant to the rabbit eye (class 7 on a 1-8 scale, according to a modified Kay and Calandra classification system. The test material produced positive criteria in the treated rabbit according to the EEC labelling regulations (EC-Commission directive 67/548/EEC) and was considered to be irritant to the rabbit eye. It is reasonable to assume the symbol "Xi" and highest risk phrase R41 "risk of serious damage to eyes" are required.
According to the EC-Regulation 1272/2008 and subsequent regulations, this results in a preacuationary classification Category 1, "Irreversible effects on the eye", with the hazard statement "H318: Causes serious eye damage".
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
The skin irritation potential of silver carbonate has been investigated in two standardised studies (OECD 404 method). As result, silver carbonate does not required classification for skin irritation according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
The eye irritation potential of silver carbonate has been investigated in two standardised studies (OECD 405 method). According to the more recent key study (Allen, 1992), silver carbonate is considered to be at least a very severy irritant to the rabbit eye (class 7 on a 1-8 scale, according to a modified Kay and Calandra classification system. The test material produced positive criteria in the treated rabbit according to the EEC labelling regulations (EC-Commission directive 67/548/EEC) and was considered to be irritant to the rabbit eye. It is reasonable to assume the symbol "Xi" and highest risk phrase R41 "risk of serious damage to eyes" are required. According to the EC-Regulation 1272/2008 and subsequent regulations, this results in a preacuationary classification Category 1, "Irreversible effects on the eye", with the hazard statement "H318: Causes serious eye damage".
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