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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

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Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
2012-2013
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
The test was performed over 43 d, instead of 28 d proposed by the Guideline. However, there is no influence on the integrity of the results.
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
Details on inoculum:
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Activated sludge from wastewater treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage (ČOV Spišská Nová Ves).
- Treatment of activated sludge: The sludge was used as collected but coarse particles were removed by settling for a short period, ca 15 minutes, and decanting the upper layer of finer solids and it was aerated by air without CO2 (CO2 was catched in the absorption flask with 0.05mol/L NaOH) (ca 2 L/minutes) at the test temperature until it was used in the test. The yield of suspended solids of the sludge in mineral medium was 4.32 g/ L.
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: The number of colony forming units (CFU) in the inoculum (used in the test) was 1.3x10^7 CFU (ml).
- Inoculum concentration in flasks of the experiment: concentration of suspended solids was 10.8 mg/L
Duration of test (contact time):
43 d
Initial conc.:
15.56 mg/L
Based on:
DOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: mineral medium according to OECD-GL 301 B
- Test temperature: 20.5 - 21.9 °C (within the range of 22 +-2°C)
- pH: 8.17 - 8.24
- pH adjusted: yes:
- test substance stock solution was prepared in mineral medium, pH adjusted to 8.0 with NaOH to achieve solubility of ASC plus
- the test substance solution (C0: 27 mg/L = DOC = 15.56 mg/L) with mineral medium was adjusted with NaOH to 7.4 without any precipitations
- Aeration: with CO2 free air
- Suspended solids concentration: 10.8 mg/L

TEST SYSTEM
The following seven bottles (3 l glass flasks, each fitted with aeration tube and outlet) were prepared:

Flask 1, 2 – containing test substance (pH 8.2) and inoculum (test suspension)
Flask 3, 4 – containing only inoculum (inoculum blank)
Flask 5 – containing reference compound and inoculum (procedure control)
Flask 6 – containing test substance and sterilising agent (abiotic sterile control)
Flask 7 – containing test substance, reference compound and inoculum (toxicity control)

- Method used to create aerobic conditions: bubbling CO2-free synthetic air through the suspensions at a rate 30 – 100ml/min
- Details of trap for CO2: absorption flask with 0.05 mol/L NaOH

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: mineral medium and inoculum only
- Abiotic sterile control: contained test substance and sterilising agent: 1 ml/L of a solution containing 10 g/L HgCl2
- Toxicity control: contained mineral medium, test item, reference substance, inoculum
- Procedure control: mineral medium, reference substance (D+ glucose monohydrate) and inoculum
Reference substance:
other: D+ glucose monohydrate (C6H12O6.H2O)
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Remarks:
based on ThCO2
Value:
25.83
Sampling time:
28 d
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Remarks:
based on ThCO2
Value:
42.54
Sampling time:
43 d
Details on results:
Degradation after 43 days:
- based on CO2 evolution: 42.54%
- based on DOC: 39.01 %
Based on measuring the test substance concentration by HPLC, the test substance was 2/ 0.2/ <0.1 mg/L at the 14th/ 21th/ 28th day of the test.
Results with reference substance:
85.95% degradation after 28 d.
96.28% degradation after 43 d.

Table 1 - Results of analyses based on TIC – % Degradation

Day

                 T-SL

Degradation % D = –––   x 100

                   ThCO2

D1

D2

D

(average)

1st

2.47

1.99

2.23

3rd

5.16

5.18

5.17

6th

5.89

6.80

6.35

8th

5.99

6.81

6.40

10th

7.91

5.96

6.94

14th

8.69

9.98

9.34

21st

20.28

22.35

21.32

28th

21.97

29.69

25.83

35th

23.89

29.61

26.75

43rd

AF I

34.93

35.27

42.54

(mean)

AF II

7.80

7.08

Table 2-Results of analyses of TIC , procedure control, Abiotic control and toxicity control

Day

                    T-SL

Degradation % D = –––   x 100

                       ThCO2

PC

AC

TC

1st

1.56

0.03

0.81

3rd

16.91

1.24

14.14

6th

38.07

1.23

37.82

 8th

41.35

1.36

37.19

10th

60.96

0.93

37.43

14th

78.07

1.42

39.59

21st

77.96

1.57

44.21

28th

85.95

1.75

52.92

35th

98.33

1.79

55.36

43rd

96.28

1.74

66.20

Table 3– Percentage of biodegradation by DOC

Flask No

DOC[mg/l]– the 1st

day

DOC[mg/l]– the 28thday

DOC[mg/l]– the 42ndday

% of biodegradation

  the 28thday 

% of biodegradation

the 42ndday

1

16.25

13.73

10.44

17.02

17.77

(mean)

38.49

39.01

(mean)

2

14.86

12.37

9.43

18.51

39.52

3

1.69

1.52

1.39

-

-

4

1.61

1.47

1.16

-

-

5

15.24

5.81

1.96

68.58

94.39

6

14.68

14.62

14.12

0.27

3.38

7

29.43

12.91

10.28

60.46

68.23

Table 4 - Results of analysis by HPLC

Concentration of the test substance ASC Plus [mg/L]

Flask No

the 1st

day

the 8th

day

the 14thday

the 21stday

the 28thday

the 35thday

the 42ndday

1

27.2

23.8

1.8

 0.2

< 0.1

< 0.1

< 0.1

2

26.6

22.5

2.1

0.2

< 0.1

< 0.1

< 0.1

6

27.8

27.7

26.3

27.8

27.4

27.9

27.6

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Interpretation of results:
inherently biodegradable
Conclusions:
Under the conditions of this study the test item is regarded as not readily biodegradable. Inherent biodegradation can be assumed.
Executive summary:

The test item ASC Plus was tested for ready biodegradability according to OECD 301 B (modified Sturm Test) using activated sludge of a sewage treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage over 43 days.

Degradation after 28 / 43 days:

- based on CO2 evolution: 25.83% / 42.54%

- based on DOC: 17.77% / 39.01 %

Based on measuring the test substance concentration by HPLC, the test substance was 2/ 0.2/ <0.1 mg/L at the 14th/ 21th/ 28th day of the test.

Thus, the test item ASC plus was degraded. Results imply that within the test period the resulting metabolites were not completely degraded based on the CO2 development.

The test item is regarded as inherently biodegradable based on the conditions of this study.

Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: screening test, other
Remarks:
metabolism study
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
2013
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The metabolism of ASCplus in the OECD 301 B biodegradation studies (Skurková 2013a and b) was studied.
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
6-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl]amino]hexanoic acid (ASCplus) was used as further test material.
Both test materials are identical with those referred in the studies by Skurková 2013 a and 2013 b.
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
Duration of test (contact time):
42 d

ASCplus (Derivative of Amino hexanoic acid) metabolized in the first step to Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Derivative (ABA), the degradation mechanism is the beta-oxidation. After further beta-oxidation (Tosylglycine) is the resulting glycine after 2nd beta-oxidation. Reaction scheme see “illustration (picture/graph).

 

Results of HPLC measurements:

ASC plus, Tosylglycine

Flask

Day 1

Day 8

Day 14

Day 21

Day 28

Day 35

Day 42

1

<0.1

<0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

2

<0.1

<0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

 

ASC plus, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Derivative (ABA)

Flask

Day 1

Day 8

Day 14

Day 21

Day 28

Day 35

Day 42

1

<0.1

0.7

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.3

2

<0.1

0.7

0.3

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.2

 

ASC plus TEA, Tosylglycine

Flask

Day 1

Day 8

Day 14

Day 21

Day 28

1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

2

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

 

ASC plus TEA, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Derivative (ABA)

Flask

Day 1

Day 8

Day 14

Day 21

Day 28

1

<0.1

0.4

1.0

1.2

1.0

2

<0.1

0.4

1.1

1.1

1.1

 

The analytical data indicate that at pH 7.4 both postulated metabolites were found in more or less equal amounts.

At pH 8.2 only ABA is found.

No metabolites were found in the sterile control.

 

As the concentrations of the metabolites remain constant after 14 days one can assume that a steady state is reached after 14 days at both pH levels.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Executive summary:

The metabolism of ASCplus in the OECD 301 B biodegradation studies (Skurková 2013a and b) was examined. Samples of the sludge from the OECD 301 B studies were taken at different time points. These samples were analyzed by HPLC for their content of postulated metabolites. The postulated metabolites Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Derivative (ABA) and Tosylglycine have been used as reference materials for determination by HPLC.

The study revealed that ASCplus (Derivative of Amino hexanoic acid) metabolized in the first step to Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Derivative (ABA), the degradation mechanism is the beta-oxidation. After further beta-oxidation (Tosylglycine) is the resulting glycine after 2nd beta-oxidation.

Under the conditions of both biodegradation studies (Skurková 2013a and b) the test item is regarded as not readily biodegradable. It is known that alkyl chains are only slowly degraded by beta-oxidation, therefore the test item did not fulfill the OECD criteria of ready biodegradability, i.e. the 10-days-window criterion was not fulfilled.

However, the degradation curves increased even at the end of the test period, indicating that the test item will finally be mineralized. Formation of stable metabolites can thus be excluded.

Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
2013
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
Details on inoculum:
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Activated sludge from wastewater treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage (ČOV Spišská Nová Ves).
- Treatment of activated sludge: The sludge was used as collected but coarse particles were removed by settling for a short period, ca 15 minutes, and decanting the upper layer of finer solids and it was aerated by air without CO2 (CO2 was catched in the absorption flask with 0.05mol/L NaOH) (ca 2 L/minutes) at the test temperature until it was used in the test. The yield of suspended solids of the sludge in mineral medium was 4.18 g/ L.
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: The number of colony forming units (CFU) in the inoculum (used in the test) was 1.3x10^7 CFU (ml).
- concentration of suspended solids in reaction mixture: 20.9 mg/L
Duration of test (contact time):
28 d
Initial conc.:
11.99 mg/L
Based on:
DOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: mineral medium according to OECD-GL 301 B
- Test temperature: 20.8 - 21.8 °C (within the range of 22 +-2°C)
- pH: 8.17 - 8.24
- pH adjusted: yes the test substance solution with mineral medium was adjusted with NaOH
- Aeration: with CO2 free air
- Suspended solids concentration: 20.9 mg/L

TEST SYSTEM
The following seven bottles (3 l glass flasks, each fitted with aeration tube and outlet) were prepared (Table 1):

Flask 1, 2 – containing test substance (pH 8.2) and inoculum (test suspension)
Flask 3, 4 – containing only inoculum (inoculum blank)
Flask 5 – containing reference compound and inoculum (procedure control)
Flask 6 – containing test substance and sterilising agent (10 g HgCl2/L, abiotic sterile control)
Flask 7 – containing test substance, reference compound and inoculum (toxicity control)

- Method used to create aerobic conditions: bubbling CO2-free synthetic air through the suspensions at a rate 30 – 100ml/min
- Details of trap for CO2: absorption flask with 0.05 mol/L NaOH

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: mineral medium and inoculum only
- Abiotic sterile control: contained test substance and sterilising agent: 1 ml/L of a solution containing 10 g/L HgCl2
- Toxicity control: contained mineral medium, test item, reference substance, inoculum
- Procedure control: mineral medium, reference substance (D+ glucose monohydrate) and inoculum
Reference substance:
other: D+ glucose monohydrate (C6H12O6.H2O)
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Remarks:
based on ThCO2
Value:
76.84
Sampling time:
28 d
Remarks on result:
other: 49.5 % degr. after 20 days, 10 day window criterion not fulfilled
Details on results:
Degradation after 28 days:
- based on CO2 evolution: 76.84%
- based on DOC: 72.03 %
Based on measuring the test substance concentration by HPLC, the test substance was < 0.1 mg/L at the 14th day of the test.
Results with reference substance:
86.99% degradation after 28 d.

Table 1-Results of analyses based on TIC – % Degradation

 

Day

                 T-SL

Degradation % D = –––   x 100

                   ThCO2

D1

D2

D

(average)

1st

-

0.95

0.95

3rd

2.76

4.22

3.49

6th

4.70

4.37

4.54

8th

5.37

4.11

4.74

10th

5.63

3.84

4.74

14th

32.60

32.77

32.69

21st

47.02

52.05

49.54

29th

AF I

65.05

67.88

76.84

(mean)

AF II

11.74

9.01

AF - Absorption flask

 

 

 

 

Table 2-Results of analyses of TIC , procedure control, Abiotic control and toxicity control

Day

                    T-SL

Degradation % D = –––   x 100

                       ThCO2

PC

AC

TC

1st

1.88

0.42

0.54

3rd

20.11

3.40

11.83

6th

62.56

2.34

34.51

 8th

61.42

1.44

35.54

10th

71.74

1.29

45.13

14th

76.29

0.42

57.18

21st

80.19

1.53

64.34

29th

86.99

5.95

89.11

 

Biodegradability of ASC Plus TEA by DOC is presented in Table below.

 

                       Table 3– Percentage of biodegradation by DOC

 

Flask No

DOC[mg/L]– the 1st

day

DOC[mg/L]– the 28thday

% of biodegradation

the 28thday

1

11.60

3.33

73.89

72.03

(mean)

2

12.37

3.94

70.17

3

1.74

0.69

-

4

1.24

0.63

-

5

11.68

2.12

85.82

6

11.73

10.67

3.08

7

27.75

5.03

83.53

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Interpretation of results:
readily biodegradable, but failing 10-day window
Conclusions:
The test item is regarded as biodegradable without meeting the 10 day window.
Executive summary:

The test item ASC Plus TEA ( 6 - [(p-tosyl)amino] hexanoic acid, compound with 2, 2´, 2´´- nitrilotriethanol) was tested for ready biodegradability according to OECD 301 B (modified Sturm Test) using activated sludge of a sewage treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage over 28 days.

Degradation after 28 days:

- based on CO2 evolution: 76.84%

- based on DOC: 72.03 %

Based on measuring the test substance concentration by HPLC, the test substance was < 0.1 mg/L at the 14th day of the test.

The test item is regarded as biodegradable without meeting the 10 day window under the conditions of the test.

Based on the result of this study with ASC plus and TEA it is likely that the substance ASC plus (the substance to be registered) is biodegradable as well.

Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2020
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
Version / remarks:
adopted 17. Jul. 1992
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
Temperature range was 19.6 – 20.9 °C instead of 20.0 – 24.0 °C. As degradation of the positive control was in the normal range this is considered as uncritical concerning the outcome of the study.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
Version / remarks:
adopted 30. May 2008
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
see above
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 dated 11. Jul. 2000: “Residues: Guidance for generating and reporting methods of analysis in support of pre-registration data requirements for An-nex II (part A, Section 4) and Annex III (part A, Section 5) of Directive 91/414”
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: SANCO/825/00 rev. 8.1 dated 16. Nov. 2010: “Guidance Document on Pesticide Residue Analytical Methods”
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Guideline on bioanalytical method validation (EMEA/CHMP/EWP/192217/2009 Rev.1 Corr. 2, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), adopted 21 July 2011)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
Details on inoculum:
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: ESN (Stadtentsorgung Neustadt) sewage treatment plant, Im Altenschemel, 67435 NW-Lachen-Speyerdorf
- Pretreatment: The sludge was filtrated through a cloth, washed with test medium (2x) and resuspended in test medium. It was then aerated until use.
- Concentration of sludge: 4.70 g of suspended solids/L
Duration of test (contact time):
28 d
Initial conc.:
20 mg/L
Based on:
TOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Test temperature: 19.6 – 20.9 °C
- pH: 6.9 - 7.4
- Suspended solids concentration: 25 mg/L
- Continuous darkness: yes

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 1500 mL Flasks

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
Apparatus blanks: 2, containing mineral medium only
Blank Controls: 2, containing mineral medium and inoculum
Positive control flasks: 2, containing positive control, mineral medium and inoculum
Test flasks: 2, containing test item, mineral medium and inoculum
Test flasks for analytical determination: 4, containing test item, mineral medium and inoculum
Abiotic control: 1, containing test item, mineral medium and HgCl2
Toxicity control: 1, containing test item, positive control, mineral medium and inoculum
Reference substance:
aniline
Remarks:
27 mg TOC/L
Key result
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Value:
64
Sampling time:
28 d
Results with reference substance:
The positive control reached 89.4% degradation within 14 days (mean of 2 determinations).

Degradation Values [CO2 %]

Day

Test mean [%]

2

2.3

4

2.4

7

2.1

9

8.7

11

29.7

14

34.0

18

44.6

23

48.5

29

63.7

 

Degradation behaviour of positive control and toxicity control was normal. Abiotic degradation reached 0.7 %.

Degradation in the toxicity flask was 44.3 % after 14 days, the test item can be stated as “not toxic towards the inoculum in a concentration of 37.5 mg/L.

The 10-day-window began on day 9, at its end, 45 % degradation were reached, missing the pass level of 60 % given in the OECD guideline. As degradation reached the pass level of 60% in the course of the test, ASCplus® is considered as ultimately biodegradable, within 28 days.

Results of metabolites analysis

Measured values ASCplus®

Sample name

Concentration [mg/L]

Day 0

29.6

Day 9

23.4

Day 19

18.4

Day 28

<LOQ

 LOQ = 0.2 mg/L

 

Measured values ABA

Sample name

Concentration [mg/L]

Day 0

<LOQ

Day 9

5.80

Day 19

7.44

Day 28

18.5

  LOQ = 0.2 mg/L

Measured values 4-N-p-Tosylglycine

Sample name

Concentration [mg/L]

Day 0

<LOQ

Day 9

<LOQ

Day 19

<LOQ

Day 28

0.669

 LOQ = 0.2 mg/L

 

The analytical determinations indicate a degradation of the test item ASCPlus® and in parallel an increase of the metabolite 4-aminobutyric acid (ABA). The metabolite 4-N-p-Tosyl-glycine is produced only in minor concentration toward the end of the test. The measured test item and metabolite concentrations support the CO2 evolution data.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Interpretation of results:
readily biodegradable, but failing 10-day window
Conclusions:
Under the conditions of this study the test item is regarded as readily biodegradable, but failing the 10-day-window criterion.
Executive summary:

The test item ASC Plus was tested for ready biodegradability according to OECD 301 B (modified Sturm Test) using activated sludge of a sewage treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage over 28 days.

Degradation after 28 days was found to be 64%, based on CO2 evolution. Within the 10-day-window (day 9 – 19) degradation was 45%. Therefore, when applying the 10-day-window, the test item ASCplus® is considered to be readily biodegradable, but failing the 10-day-window criterion.

The concentrations of the test item ASCplus® and its metabolites ABA (4-aminobutyric acid) and 4-N-p-Tosylglycine were monitored during the test using LC/MS/MS measurements. The analytical determinations indicate a degradation of the test item ASCPlus® and in parallel an increase of the metabolite 4-aminobutyric acid (ABA). The metabolite 4-N-p-Tosyl-glycine is produced only in minor concentration toward the end of the test. The measured test item and metabolite concentrations support the CO2 evolution data.

Description of key information

The test item ASC Plus was tested for ready biodegradability according to OECD 301 B (modified Sturm Test) using activated sludge of a sewage treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage over 28 days (Klein 2021). Degradation after 28 days was found to be 64%, based on CO2 evolution. Within the 10-day-window degradation was 45%. Therefore, when applying the 10-day-window, the test item ASCplus is considered to be readily biodegradable, but failing the 10-day-window criterion.

 

This result was confirmed by a supporting study using the same test design (Skurkova 2013 a). Degradation rates in the test with ASCplus after 28 / 43 days were 25.83 % / 42.54 % (based on CO2 evolution) and 17.77 % / 39.01 % (based on DOC). The degradation curves increased even at the end of the test period, indicating that the test item will finally be mineralized. Formation of stable metabolites can thus be excluded.

 

In addition, biodegradation of ASC Plus TEA (6 - [(p-tosyl)amino] hexanoic acid, compoundwith 2, 2´, 2´´-nitrilotriethanol) was tested under the same conditions (Skurkova 2013 b). The degradation rates in the test with ASCplus TEA were higher: after 28 days rates of 76.84 % (based on CO2 evolution) and 72.03 % (based on DOC) were determined. This study reveals that degradation is dependent on pH.

 

Klein (2021) and Kipphardt (2013) examined the metabolism of ASCplus by analysis of samples taken at different time points. The study revealed that ASCplus (Derivative of Amino hexanoic acid) metabolized in the first step to Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Derivative (ABA), the degradation mechanism is the beta-oxidation. After further beta-oxidation Tosylglycine is formed after 2nd betaoxidation.

 

Overall, ASC Plus has to be regarded as not readily biodegradable, inherent biodegradation has to be assumed. Finally, the substance will be completely mineralized, formation of stable metabolites can be excluded.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:
inherently biodegradable
Type of water:
freshwater

Additional information