N-isopropylmethacrylamide

Skin irritation / corrosion

Administrative data

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Experimental start date: 11/13/07. Experimental termination date: 11/27/07

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

Study conducted to GLP and in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not effect the quality of the relevant results.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2008

Report date:

2008

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

N-isopropylmethacrylamide

EC Number:

237-331-7

EC Name:

N-isopropylmethacrylamide

Cas Number:

13749-61-6

Molecular formula:

C7H13NO

IUPAC Name:

N-isopropylmethacrylamide

Test material form:

other: solid

Details on test material:

Identity: NIPMAA Technical Grade, Lot/Batch #58838
Stability: Stable
Date received: 11/01/07
Storage: Room temperature and humidity
Description: White powder

Test animals

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Animals were received from Millbrook Breeding Labs.
- Age at study initiation: Approximately 3 months.
- Weight at study initiation: The pretest bodyweight range was 2.5 - 3.0 kg.
- Housing: 1 animal per cage in suspended wire cages. Bedding was placed beneath the cages and changed at least three times per week.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Fresh PMI Rabbit Chow was provided daily.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Water was available ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: At least five days.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): The animal room was temperature controlled.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hour light/dark cycle.

Test system

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Preparation of test site:

clipped

Vehicle:

other: The test article was moistened with 0.5 ml of distilled water to form a paste

Controls:

no

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): The test article was individually weighed, 0.5 g/site and moistened with 0.5 ml of distilled water to form a pasty consistency.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Exposure periods of 3 minutes (for initial animal), 1 hour (for initial animal) and 4 hours (all animals)

Observation period:

Up to 7 days.

Number of animals:

3 (1 initial animal (male) and 2 subsequent animals (females)).

Details on study design:

SITE PREPARATION:
The day prior to application of the test article, the dorsal area of the trunk of each animal was clipped free of hair. The prepared site was approximately 10 x 10 cm and remained intact.

DOSING
Initially, one rabbit was dosed on sites #1, 2 and 3 with 0.5 g/site of the test article. The test article was individually weighed, 0.5 g/site and moistened with 0.5 ml of distilled water to form a pasty consistency. The test article was applied under a 2.5 x 2.5 cm gauze patch. Gentle pressure was applied to aid in the distribution of the test article over the prepared site. Each patch was secured with non-irritating tape. Site 1 was covered with a piece of plastic and held in place manually for the three-minute exposure. This method allowed partial removal of the wrapping to expose site #1 at 3 minutes post dose without disturbing sites #2 and 3. Sites 2 and 3 were wrapped with another piece of plastic in a semi-occlusive manner and secured with non-irritating tape. This method of wrapping aids in retaining the test patch in position and retards evaporation of volatile substances.

The wrapping and test article patch covering site #1 was removed at 3 minutes postdose and the site was gently washed with distilled water. A window was cut in the wrapping over site #2 at 1 hour after dosing. The patch was removed and the site gently washed with distilled water. At 4 hours postdose, the torso wrappings and patch covering site #3 were removed and the site gently washed with distilled water.

Since no evidence of a corrosive or severely irritating effect was observed in the initial animal, two additional animals were added to the study. The animals (females) were dosed with 0.5 g of the test article at site #3. After an exposure period of four hours, the wrappings and patches were removed and the sites gently washed with distilled water.


TYPE AND FREQUENCY OF OBSERVATIONS:
The test sites of all animals were scored for dermal irritation at 60 minutes after removal of wrappings. Site #3 (four-hour exposure) was scored at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Reactions were scored again on day 7 following patch removal.

Erythema and edema were scored according to teh numerical Driaze technique. The skin was also evaluated for ulceration and necrosis or any evidence of tissue destruction.

Draize scoring scheme:

Erythema & Eschar
No erythema: 0
Very slight erythema (barely perceptible): 1
Well defined erythema: 2
Moderate to severe erythema: 3
Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight eschar formation (injuries in depth): 4

Edema
No edema: 0
Very slight edema (barely perceptible): 1
Slight edema (edges of area well-defined by definite raising): 2
Moderate edema (raised approximately 1.0 mm): 3
Severe edema (raised more than 1.0 mm, extending beyond the area of exposure): 4

Body weights of all animals were recorded pre-test, 72 hours and at termination.

The general health of the animals was monitered at each observation time. All animals were sacrificed using CO2 following study termination.

Results and discussion

In vivo

Results

Results 1

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

(Animal H510 - initial animal)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 24 hours

Remarks on result:

other: Results from 4-hour exposure

Results 2

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

(Animal H599)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 7 days

Remarks on result:

other: Results from 4-hour exposure

Results 3

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

(Animal H527)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Remarks on result:

other: Results from 4-hour exposure

Results 4

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

(Animal H510 - initial animal))

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Remarks on result:

other: Results from 4-hour exposure

Results 5

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

(Animal H599)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Remarks on result:

other: Results from 4-hour exposure

Results 6

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

(Animal H527)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Remarks on result:

other: Results from 4-hour exposure

Irritant / corrosive response data:

Dermal Observations:
Initial animal:
Erythema was absent at 60 minutes following patch removal following the 3 minute exposure and very slight at 60 minutes following the 1 and 4 hour exposures. Erythema was absent at 24, 48 and 72 hours following the 4 hour exposure. Edema was absent at 60 minutes after patch removal following the 3 minute exposure and following the 1 and 4 hour exposures. Edema was also absent at 24, 48 and 72 hours. On day 7, erythema and edema were absent.

Two additional animals:
Erythema was absent at 60 minutes following the 4 hour exposure and absent to slight at 24, 48 and 72 hours following the 4 hour exposure. On day 7, erythema was absent. Edema was absent at all observation points.

Other effects:

Systemic Observations:
There were no abnormal physical signs noted during the observation period.
All body weight changes were normal.

Any other information on results incl. tables

See attached background material for Table 1: Dermal Observations, Body Weights and Systemic Observations.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The test substance is not a dermal irritant.

Executive summary:

Objective:

To determine the irritant or corrosive effects, if any, of a test article when applied dermally. The study was designed to comply with the standards set forth in OECD Guidelines for Testing Chemicals, Number 404, adopted April 24, 2002.

Method Synopsis:

Since the test article was suspected to be a severe dermal irritant, one healthy male New Zealand White rabbit was dosed dermally with NIPMMA Technical Grade. The test article (0.5 g) was applied dermally to three intact sites for an exposure period of three minutes on site #1, one hour on site #2 and four hours on site #3. Dermal reactions were scored at 60 minutes after each patch removal on all three sites. Site #3 was scored again at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Reactions were scored again on day 7 following patch removal. The skin was also evaluated for ulceration and necrosis or any evidence of tissue destruction at these time periods. Since the reaction of the initial animal did not produce a corrosive or severely irritating effect, two additional animals (females) were added to the study. The two animals were dosed at site #3 for a four hour exposure. Dermal reactions were scored at 60 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours and day 7 after patch removal. Body weights of all animals were recorded pretest, at 72 hours and at termination.

Summary:

Initial animal:

Erythema was absent at 60 minutes following patch removal following the 3 minute exposure and very slight at 60 minutes following the 1 and 4 hour exposures. Erythema was absent at 24, 48 and 72 hours following the 4 hour exposure. Edema was absent at 60 minutes after patch removal following the 3 minute exposure and following the 1 and 4 hour exposures. Edema was also absent at 24, 48 and 72 hours. On day 7, erythema and edema were absent.

Two additional animals:

Erythema was absent at 60 minutes following the 4 hour exposure and absent to slight at 24, 48 and 72 hours following the 4 hour exposure. On day 7, erythema was absent. Edema was absent at all observation points.

Systemic Observations:

There were no abnormal physical signs noted during the observation period.

All body weight changes were normal.

Conclusion:

The test substance is not a dermal irritant.