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EC number: 222-376-7 | CAS number: 3452-97-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation, other
- Remarks:
- combined repeated dose and reproduction / developmental screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 990
- Report date:
- 1990
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD TG 414
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Exposure to max. attainable vapor concentration of 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, and 1-decanol
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Octan-1-ol
- EC Number:
- 203-917-6
- EC Name:
- Octan-1-ol
- Cas Number:
- 111-87-5
- Molecular formula:
- C8H18O
- IUPAC Name:
- octan-1-ol
- Reference substance name:
- 1-octanol
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-octanol
- Reference substance name:
- 143-08-08
- IUPAC Name:
- 143-08-08
- Reference substance name:
- Nonan-1-ol
- EC Number:
- 205-583-7
- EC Name:
- Nonan-1-ol
- Cas Number:
- 143-08-8
- Molecular formula:
- C9H20O
- IUPAC Name:
- Nonan-1-ol
- Reference substance name:
- Decan-1-ol
- EC Number:
- 203-956-9
- EC Name:
- Decan-1-ol
- Cas Number:
- 112-30-1
- Molecular formula:
- C10H22O
- IUPAC Name:
- decan-1-ol
- Reference substance name:
- 1-decanol
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-decanol
- Details on test material:
- Analytical purity: reagent-grade chemicals were purchased from commercial sources
- Lot/batch No.:
1-octanol and 1-decanol: both lot No. A15B; Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester, NY
1-nonanol: lot No. 7328 from EM Science, Cherry Hill, NJ:
- Other: samples of each chemical were analyzed for purity by gas chromatography using modifications of the NIOSH analytical methods 1401 and 1402
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Constituent 4
Constituent 5
Constituent 6
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: 0.5 m³ Hinners-type chamber
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: animals were placed in stainless steel wire mesh cages
- Source and rate of air: compressed air
- Method of conditioning air: vapor generation equipment, housed in a sealed glove box
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: a constant flow of alcohol was mixed with a known volume of heated compressed air. Th eresulting vapor/air mixture was introduced into the chamber airflow system upstream from the orifice plate. The resulting turbulence downstream from the orifice plate produced a uniform mixing of the test chemcial throughout the exposure chamber.
- Temperature in air chamber: 70-80°F (21-27°C)
- Air flow rate: no data
- Air change rate: no data
- Method of particle size determination: no data
- Treatment of exhaust air: no data
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used:
(1) infrared analyzer (Miran 1A) continously recorded concentrations near the rats breathing zone
() charcoal tube samples were collected 2 days per week and analyzed using gas chromatography. Spiked samples were also used to evaluate the accuracy of the GC results.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes
VEHICLE : no - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- (1) infrared analyzer (Miran 1A) continously recorded concentrations near the rats breathing zone
() charcoal tube samples were collected 2 days per week and analyzed using gas chromatography. Spiked samples were also used to evaluate the accuracy of the GC results. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- gestation days 1-19
6 h/day (1-decanol)
7 h/day (1-octanol and 1-nonanol) - Frequency of treatment:
- 7/week
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
400 (octanol), 150 (nonanol), 100 (decanol) mg/m³
Basis:
analytical conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 15
- Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: maximum concentrations that could be generated as a vapor at an average chamber temperature of 70-80°F. Generation of higher exposure concentrations resulted in aerosol production inside the inhalation chamber.
- Rationale for animal assignment: random - Positive control:
- Yes; in total 13 alcohols with carbon chain skeltons of C1- to C10 were tested.
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: group means reported
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No
WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No data
HAEMATOLOGY: No data
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: No data
URINALYSIS: No data
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data
- Statistics:
- One-way multivariate analysis of variance/ analysis of variance (MANOVA/ANOVA): number of corpora lutea, resorptions, male and female pups, mean male and female pup weight.
ANOVA: maternal weights, feed and water intake data,
ANOVA: fetal incidence data; also Variance Test for homogeneity of the binominal distribution; Kuskal-Wallis test was used if nonparametric analysis was more appropriate.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Vapour pressure and maximum attainable vapour concentrations of aliphatic alcohols decrease rapidly with increasing chain length. Therefore, toxic atmospheres cannot be generated with alcohols with carbon chain lengths of 5 and more. This implicates for isononanol (and other long chain alcohols):
(1) acute inhalation toxicity testing may scientifically be unjustified, due to low attainable vapour concentrations
(2) repeated inhalation toxicity testing: as above
(3) isononanol: repeated inhalation toxicity testing scientifically unjustified - Executive summary:
The effects of repeated inhalation exposure to 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, and 1-decanol was tested in female rats (15 per group) at the maximum attainable vapour concentrations of 400, 150, and 100 mg/m³, respectively. The rats were exposed during days 1 -19 of gestation for 6h (decanol) or 7 h/day (octanol and nonanol). Dams were sacrificed on gestation day 20, and dams and pups were examined for signs of maternal toxicity, toxicity to reproduction, and developmental toxicity.
Results:
(1) the maximum attainable vapour concentrations at inhalation chamber temperatures between 21 -27°C were 400, 150, and 100 mg/m³ for octanol, nonanol, and decanol, respectively. Concentrations are bases on analytical data.
(2) No treatment related effects were seen.
dams:
- maternal toxicity: no signs of toxicity, no mortality, maternal body weight, mean food and mean water consumption unchanged compared to sham-treated controls
- toxicity to reproduction: mean numbers of corpora lutea/litter, resorptions/litter, male or female pups/litter all unchanged compared to sham-treated controls
pups
- developmental toxicity: male and female pup weights unchanged compared to controls
- teratogenicity: frequency of skeletal or visceral malformations unchanged
(Nelson et al., Tox Ind Health 6:373 -387, 1990; Nelson et al., J Am Coll Tox 9:93 -97, 1990 (T04167 and T04176)
Conclusions:
Maximum attainable vapour concentrations of aliphatic alcohols decrease rapidly with increasing chain length. Max. inhalation concentration of 1-nonanol was 150 mg/m³. No maternal toxicity, nor toxicity to reproduction, was noted in dams exposed during gestation days 1-19 (7h/day). No developmental toxicity or teratogenicity was seen in the progeny. In total 13 alcohols were tested, with carbon chain lengths ranging from C1 to C10. Maternal toxicity was only seen with C1 to C4 alcohols at ≥5000 ppm, but not with higher alcohols, probably due to the rapid decline of the vapour pressure with increasing chain length.
This implicates for isononanol (and other long chain alcohols):
(1) acute inhalation toxicity testing may scientifically be unjustified, due to low attainable vapour concentrations
(2) repeated inhalation toxicity testing: as above
Overall, repeated inhalation toxicity testing of isononanol is scientifically unjustified
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