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EC number: 444-960-2 | CAS number: 39148-16-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 23 Feb - 23 Mar 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-E (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Closed Bottle Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Forsten
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Sewage plant GroB-Zimmern, Germany
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was resuspended in tap water and again centrifuged. This procedure was repeated twice. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 4 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water and then aerated until use. Before use the sludge was filtered through cotton wool. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Test temperature: 21 - 22 °C
- pH: 7.6 (measured at start of the test)
- Oxygen Concentration of Test Water: 8.8 - 9.0 mg O2/L (measured at the start of the test)
- Continuous darkness: yes
- Other: Reconstituted water was used
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Karlsruher flasks of 250 mL volume with glass stoppers
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: The oxygen concentrations were electrochemically measured in an airtight system with an O2-electrode (WTW Oxi 340, Wissenschaftlich Technische Werkstatten GmbH, Weilheim, Germany) under constant stirring
- Test performed in closed vessels: yes
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 2
- Toxicity control: 2
- Procedure control: 2 - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- -1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on active ingredient sodium ethyl phosphonate of the test item
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item aniline was sufficiently degraded to 65% after 14 days, and to 94% after 28 days of incubation.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see Table 4 in 'any other results incl. tables'
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 14 Aug - 18 Sep 2014
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 C (Inherent Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (II))
- Version / remarks:
- 1981
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: mixture of activated sludge, surface soil and surface water
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Activated sludge, surface soil and surface water were sampled from ten sites distributed in four districts throughout Nanjing city, such as Chengdong, Chengbei, Jiangxinzhou and Jiangning.
- Method of cultivation: 1 L of the sludge, soil and water were collected and mixed thoroughly together. After removing floating matter, the mixture was allowed to stand and then the supernatant is filtrated through filter paper. After that the filtrate was adjusted the supernatant to pH 7.0 with sodium hydroxide or phosphoric acid. Finally an appropriate volume of the filtered supernatant was transferred to a fill-and-draw activated sludge vessel and aerated for about 23.5 h. Batch No.: 120140604.
Thirty minutes after stopping the aeration, about one third of the whole volume of supernatant was discarded. Then an equal volume of the solution (pH 7.0) containing 0.1% each of glucose, peptone and potassium orthophosphate was added into the settled material and aerated again. This procedure was repeated once per day during one month.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Before use the mixture was allowed to stand, and the supernatant was removed. A small quantity of sludge was taken to be centrifuged (10000 rpm, for 10 min) and then weighed. Then the sludge was dried in the oven and weighed again in order to calculate the content of dry sludge was 10%. At last 10 g of centrifuged sludge was diluted 1 L with basal culture medium (BSM) to get activated sludge suspension with a concentration of 1000 mg/L (dry basis) Batch No.: 120140814.
- Concentration of sludge: 100 mg/L
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 101.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- concentration presents mean of 4 replicates
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- test mat. analysis
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Remarks:
- based on BOD and ThOD
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Based Salt Medium (BSM)/mineral medium was prepared by adding 3 mL of each of the following stock solutions prepared in pre-aerated deionized water to 1 litre of pure water:
- Stock solution A
KH2P04 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) 8.50 g/L
K2HP04 (dipotassium hydrogen phosphate) 21.75 g/L
Na2HP04. 12H20 (disodium phosphate dodecahydrate) 44.60 g/L
NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) 1.70 g/L
The pH of this solution was 7.22
- Stock solution B
CaCl2 (calcium chloride) 27.50 g/L
- Stock solution C
MgS04.7H20 (magnesium sulphate heptahydrate) 22.50 g/L
- Stock solution D
FeCl3.6H20 (iron (III) chloride hexahydrate) 0.25 g/L
- Test temperature: 25±1 °C
- pH: 6.32 - 7.41
- pH adjusted: no
- Suspended solids concentration: 100 mg/L
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 500 mL BOD bottles
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 3
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: stir vigorously with mechanical stirrer
- Measuring equipment: BOD meter (OM3100, Ohkura, Japan)
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: daily
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 1
- Abiotic sterile control: 1
- Positive control: 1
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (test mat. analysis)
- Value:
- > 99.9
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: result based on residue analysis in 3 replicates
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 86.9
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: result based on BOD measurements of 3 replicates
- Results with reference substance:
- the level of biodegradation of the reference substance sodium benzoate was 83.5% after 7 days (> 40%), and 87.7% after 14 days (> 65%)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see Table 4 in 'any other information on results incl. tables'
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable, fulfilling specific criteria
Referenceopen allclose all
Biodegradation of the toxicity control:
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item aniline, 37% biodegradation was noted within 14 days
and 50% biodegradation after 28 days of incubation. Thus, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory on the activated sludge microorganisms.
Table 1: Dissolved oxygen concentrations at different time intervals during the exposure period of 28 days
Treatment |
Conc. of a.i. (mg/L) |
Flask No. |
Mg O2 after n days of exposure |
|||||||
0 |
3 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|||
Test item |
7.09 |
1a |
8.6 |
8.4 |
8.4 |
8.2 |
8.1 |
8.1 |
8.1 |
7.8 |
1b |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.4 |
8.2 |
8.1 |
8.1 |
8.0 |
7.9 |
||
Mean |
8.6 |
8.45 |
8.4 |
8.2 |
8.1 |
8.1 |
8.05 |
7.85 |
||
Procedure control |
2.1 |
2a |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
7.6 |
5.0 |
4.9 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
2b |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
7.9 |
5.1 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
3.1 |
||
Mean |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
7.75 |
5.05 |
4.9 |
4.15 |
3.05 |
||
Inoculum control |
- |
3a |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
8.4 |
8.3 |
8.2 |
8.0 |
7.8 |
3b |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
8.3 |
8.2 |
8.2 |
8.3 |
7.8 |
||
Mean |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
8.35 |
8.25 |
8.2 |
8.15 |
7.8 |
||
Toxicity control |
TI: 7.10, aniline: 2.02 |
4a |
8.6 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
5.1 |
n.d. |
4.3 |
4.1 |
2.2 |
4b |
8.6 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
5.3 |
n.d. |
4.1 |
3.6 |
2.6 |
||
Mean |
8.6 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
5.2 |
n.d. |
4.2 |
3.85 |
2.4 |
TI: test item (active ingredient), n.d.: not determined
Table 2: Oxygen depletion at different time intervals during the exposure period of 28 days
Treatment |
Conc. of a.i. (mg/L) |
Flask No. |
O2 depletion (mg/L) after n days of exposure |
||||||
3 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|||
Test item |
7.09 |
1a |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.10 |
0.05 |
0.00 |
1b |
0.00 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
-0.10 |
||
Procedure control |
2.1 |
2a |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.75 |
3.25 |
3.30 |
4.35 |
4.80 |
2b |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.45 |
3.15 |
3.30 |
3.65 |
4.70 |
||
Inoculum control |
- |
Mean |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.25 |
0.35 |
0.40 |
0.45 |
0.80 |
Toxicity control |
TI: 7.10, aniline: 2.02 |
4a |
n.d. |
n.d. |
3.25 |
n.d. |
3.90 |
4.05 |
5.60 |
4b |
n.d. |
n.d. |
3.05 |
n.d. |
4.10 |
4.55 |
5.20 |
TI: test item (active ingredient), n.d.: not determined
Table 3: Percentage biodegradation at different time intervals during the exposure period of 28 days
Treatment |
Conc. of a.i. (mg/L) |
Flask No. |
% biodegradation after n days of exposure |
||||||
3 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|||
Test item |
7.09 |
1a |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
1b |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
-2 |
||
Mean |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
-1 |
||
Procedure control (aniline) |
2.1 |
2a |
0 |
0 |
15 |
64 |
65 |
86 |
95 |
2b |
0 |
0 |
9 |
62 |
65 |
72 |
93 |
||
Mean |
0 |
0 |
12 |
63 |
65 |
79 |
94 |
||
Toxicity control |
TI: 7.10, aniline: 2.02 |
4a |
n.d. |
n.d. |
30 |
n.d. |
36 |
37 |
51 |
4b |
n.d. |
n.d. |
28 |
n.d. |
38 |
42 |
48 |
||
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
29 |
n.d. |
37 |
39 |
50 |
TI: test item (active ingredient), n.d.: not determined
Table 4: Validity criteria
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
Difference of extremes of replicate values of the removal of the test chemical at the plateau, at the end of the test or at the end of the 10-d window, as appropriate, is less than 20%. |
At the end the test item showed 0% and -2% degradation, since a negative degradation is not possible, the latter replicate also presents 0% degradation. Thus the difference between replicates was 0%. |
Yes |
Percentage degradation of the reference compound reached the pass level by day 14 (≥ 60%). |
Degradation of Aniline was 65% at day 14 |
Yes |
The toxicity control should degrade to at least 35% (based on DOC) or at least 25% (based on ThOD or ThCO2) within 14 d. |
Toxicity control degraded to 37% at day 14 |
Yes |
Oxygen depletion in the inoculum blank should not exceed 1.5 mg dissolved oxygen/L after 28 days. |
Oxygen depletion was 0.8 mg O2/L after 28 days |
Yes |
The residual concentration of oxygen in the test bottles should not fall below 0.5 mg/L at any time. |
The residual concentration was not below 0.5 mg/L |
Yes |
Table 1. Analytical results and degradation of the test substance
Sample |
Time (d) |
Bottle |
Conc. of test substance (mg/L) |
Degradation (%) |
“abiotic” |
0 |
- |
99.8* |
- |
28 |
1 |
101 |
- |
|
“blank” |
28 |
6 |
< LOD |
- |
“test” |
28 |
2 |
0.084 |
99.9 |
3 |
0.006 |
>99.9 |
||
4 |
0.006 |
>99.9 |
||
Mean |
0.032 |
>99.9 |
*Concentration of Fosetyl-Na in “abiotic” at day 0 was from the results of recovery sample of 100 mg/L
Table 2. Results of BOD measurements
Time (d) |
BOD (mg/L) |
|||||
Abiotic |
Test substance |
Positive control |
Blank control |
|||
Bottle #1 |
Bottle #2 |
Bottle #3 |
Bottle #4 |
Bottle #5 |
Bottle #6 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
13.2 |
14.0 |
16.4 |
19.3 |
10.6 |
2 |
0 |
21.3 |
20.5 |
22.0 |
58.8 |
11.6 |
3 |
0 |
26.8 |
28.3 |
30.9 |
73.0 |
13.8 |
4 |
0 |
32.2 |
35.6 |
36.5 |
77.7 |
14.9 |
5 |
0 |
40.1 |
43.9 |
42.2 |
80.2 |
14.8 |
6 |
0 |
48.5 |
49.7 |
48.9 |
82.0 |
15.4 |
7 |
0 |
51.3 |
53.6 |
53.5 |
86.6 |
16.9 |
8 |
0 |
53.2 |
61.0 |
58.8 |
89.1 |
18.0 |
9 |
0 |
55.8 |
62.5 |
62.1 |
91.5 |
19.4 |
10 |
0 |
57.9 |
63.2 |
65.3 |
92.4 |
19.9 |
11 |
0 |
58.3 |
63.7 |
66.4 |
93.0 |
20.1 |
12 |
0 |
58.9 |
64.9 |
67.0 |
93.9 |
20.7 |
13 |
0 |
59.2 |
65.7 |
68.2 |
94.3 |
21.2 |
14 |
0 |
61.6 |
66.1 |
68.5 |
94.6 |
21.4 |
15 |
0 |
64.0 |
67.4 |
69.3 |
95.7 |
22.5 |
16 |
0 |
66.4 |
68.3 |
70.2 |
96.1 |
22.8 |
17 |
0 |
70.4 |
69.1 |
70.8 |
96.7 |
23.3 |
18 |
0 |
72.0 |
69.6 |
71.4 |
97.0 |
23.5 |
19 |
0 |
72.6 |
69.9 |
71.6 |
97.3 |
23.7 |
20 |
0 |
73.7 |
71.0 |
71.9 |
97.7 |
24.0 |
21 |
0 |
74.3 |
72.4 |
72.8 |
98.0 |
24.3 |
22 |
0 |
74.9 |
72.8 |
74.8 |
99.2 |
24.9 |
23 |
0 |
75.5 |
73.4 |
75.0 |
99.7 |
25.4 |
24 |
0 |
75.9 |
74.8 |
77.4 |
99.9 |
25.5 |
25 |
0 |
76.8 |
75.6 |
78.0 |
101 |
26.4 |
26 |
0 |
77.5 |
76.3 |
78.2 |
101 |
26.6 |
27 |
0 |
78.3 |
77.2 |
78.8 |
102 |
27.1 |
28 |
0 |
79.5 |
77.8 |
79.4 |
103 |
27.9 |
Table 3. Results of biodegradation based on BOD measurements
Time (d) |
Biodegradation after deduct the abiotic (%) |
||||
Test substance |
Positive control |
||||
Bottle #2 |
Bottle #3 |
Bottle #4 |
Mean |
Bottle #5 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
4.7 |
6.2 |
12.4 |
9.64 |
10.5 |
2 |
17.4 |
16.0 |
19.7 |
18.7 |
56.1 |
3 |
23.6 |
26.3 |
30.5 |
27.3 |
70.9 |
4 |
31.2 |
37.4 |
37.6 |
35.2 |
75.2 |
5 |
45.7 |
52.5 |
46.3 |
46.4 |
78.3 |
6 |
59.8 |
62.0 |
55.7 |
56.3 |
79.8 |
7 |
62.1 |
66.2 |
60.9 |
60.2 |
83.5 |
8 |
63.6 |
77.7 |
67.6 |
66.3 |
85.2 |
9 |
65.7 |
77.8 |
70.9 |
68.4 |
86.3 |
10 |
68.5 |
78.1 |
75.1 |
70.8 |
86.7 |
11 |
69.0 |
78.7 |
76.6 |
71.6 |
87.3 |
12 |
69.0 |
79.8 |
76.8 |
72.1 |
87.6 |
13 |
68.7 |
80.4 |
78.0 |
72.7 |
87.6 |
14 |
72.7 |
80.8 |
78.2 |
74.0 |
87.7 |
15 |
74.9 |
81.0 |
78.1 |
75.0 |
87.7 |
16 |
78.8 |
82.2 |
79.1 |
76.8 |
87.9 |
17 |
85.1 |
82.7 |
79.5 |
78.9 |
88.0 |
18 |
87.6 |
83.3 |
80.1 |
80.1 |
88.1 |
19 |
88.3 |
83.5 |
80.2 |
80.4 |
88.2 |
20 |
89.8 |
84.9 |
80.3 |
81.3 |
88.3 |
21 |
90.2 |
86.8 |
81.3 |
82.4 |
88.2 |
22 |
90.3 |
86.5 |
83.6 |
83.2 |
89.0 |
23 |
90.4 |
86.6 |
83.4 |
83.4 |
89.0 |
24 |
91.0 |
89.0 |
86.8 |
85.3 |
89.1 |
25 |
91.1 |
88.9 |
86.7 |
85.5 |
89.1 |
26 |
91.9 |
89.7 |
86.8 |
86.0 |
89.3 |
27 |
92.4 |
90.5 |
87.1 |
86.6 |
89.6 |
28 |
93.2 |
90.1 |
87.1 |
86.9 |
89.6 |
Table 4. Validity criteria OECD 302C
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
The test is considered to be valid, if biodegradation of the reference substance reached > 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days. |
Sodium benzoate was 83.5% after 7 days (> 40%), and 87.7% after 14 days (> 65%), |
Yes |
The recovery rate of residual amount of the test compound in the “abiotic” test should be more than 10%. |
Recovery was 99.8% and 101% |
Yes |
Description of key information
- Not readily biodegradable (-1% degradation based on a.i. Fosetyl-Sodium after 28 days; OECD 301D, closed bottle test)
- Inherently biodegradable (86.9% biodegradation based on BOD and > 99.9% biodegradation based on residue analysis after 28 days; OECD 302 C)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- inherently biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
A GLP study according to OECD 301D on ready biodegradability was performed with Fosetyl-Sodium (technical concentrate; 22.1%; Code: AE C529354 00 TK22 A101, containing 22.1% w/w Fosetyl-Sodium) under static conditions. The study was designed as a closed bottle test. The test item was exposed to activated sludge from the aeration tank of a domestic waste water treatment plant for 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item aniline was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of the active ingredient Sodium ethyl phosphonate (exposure to a concentration of 7.09 mg active ingredient) of the test item Fosetyl-Sodium; technical concentrate (Code: AE C529354 00 TK22 A101) was determined to be -1% after 28 days of incubation. The results are based on concentrations of the active ingredient sodium ethyl phosphonate (content of 22.1 % w/w in test item). The test item cannot considered to be ready biodegradable.
In a weight of evidence approach, a second GLP study is available which was performed according to OECD guideline 302 C (modified MITI test). In this study, the test item Fosetyl-Sodium with an analytical purity of 97.6% was tested for 28 days for the inherent biodegradability based on the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the microorganisms in a mixture of activated sludge, surface soil and surface water sampled from 10 places in Nanjing city, China. Additionally, the biodegradation of the test substance was analytically verified by HPLC-MS/MS. The reference substance sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of the test substance based on BOD measurements was 86.9% (mean of three replicates) at 28 days and based on residue analysis of the test substance, the biodegradation was > 99.9% (mean of three replicates). The biodegradation of the reference substance sodium benzoate was 89.6% after 28 days, 83.5% after 7 days (> 40%), and 87.7% after 14 days (> 65%). The analytical recovery of the test substance in the abiotic control was 99.8% and 101%. Therefore, the study was valid according to the OECD guideline 302 C and the test item Fosetyl-Sodium is regarded as inherently biodegradable.
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