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EC number: 249-528-5 | CAS number: 29232-93-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 6 Oct 1988 to 7 Apr 1989
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- After 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, samples were removed from each test and blank vessel. At the start of the test, samples were taken of each test solution, using
the excess remaining after: filling the test vessels, and were analysed for the concentration of the test substance. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- Details on test solutions:
- The test substance had low solubility in water (approximately 5 mg/L) therefore stock solutions in acetone (HPLC grade) were prepared. Each test solution was prepared by the addition of an aliquot of the appropriate stock solution to sterile culture medium, with an equalizing addition of acetone to a volume of 1000 ml such that the final acetone concentration was 0.1 mL/L. The solvent control contained 0.1 mL acetone/L. The control solution consisted of culture medium only. After preparation, visual observation showed the highest nominal concentration (6.4 mg/L) test solution to be a transparent, faint, fine, white homogeneous suspension; all other test and control solutions were clear and colorless. Using aseptic techniques, 100 mL volumes of the appropriate test solution were dispensed to each test and blank vessel, and the remaining test solutions used for physical and chemical analysis. The nominal exposure concentrations used in this study were 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 , 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 mg of test substance per L together with a control and solvent control. These were equivalent to 0.14, 0.30, 0.56, 1.3, 2.6 and 5.2 mg per L respectively, expressed as the individual means of the measured concentrations of test substance at the start and end of the study.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: Strain ATCC 22662
- Source: Brixham Laboratory archive.
- Culturing conditions: The algae were maintained under axenic conditions. A culture of the alga in the exponential growth phase was used as Inoculum for the test. The culture was grown in the medium, and under the environmental conditions which was described for the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 24°C
- pH:
- 7.0 - 9.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nomimal concentrations: 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 mg/L of the test substance
- Measured concentrations: 0.14, 0.30, 0.56, 1.3, 2.6 and 5.2 mg/L of the test substance
See Table 1 in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables" - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: The test vessels were borosilicate glass conical flasks of 250 mL nominal capacity.
- Type: Closed with polyurethane foam bungs
- Aeration: No
- Fill volume: Each flask contained 100 ml of test solution. The cultures were incubated at 24 +/- 1°C, under continuous illumination, with orbital shaking at 100 rpm
- Initial cells density: A nominal cell density of 1.0E+04 cells/mL
- Control end cell density: 4.25E+06 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 3
- No. of vessels per solvent control: 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (AAP medium regarding OECD TG 201)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continuous
- Light intensity: 8100 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Small volumes of all test concentrations and controls were taken from all test flasks after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure. The algal cell densities in these samples were determined by counting with an electronic particle counter. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.38 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- No effects were observed in the controls vessels. At 0.56 mg/L, the mean growth rate over 72 hours was significantly inhibited compared to the control vessels. At 1.3, 2.6 and 5.6 mg/L, growth inhibition increased further in a dose-responsive manner. Overview of the results are provided in table 1 and table 2 at "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Probit analysis
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Based on the findings, the 72-h ErC 50 and NOErC were determined to be 3.38 and 0.30 mg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test substance to aquatic algae was determined in a study in accordance with OECD TG 201 and in compliance with GLP criteria. The freshwater green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata was cultured in a range of concentrations of the test substance for 96 hours. The cultures were incubated in a static regime at 24 ± 1°C, under continuous illumination (8100 Lux), with orbital shaking at 100 rpm. The test substance was of a low water solubility and acetone was therefore used as a solvent in the preparation of test solutions (0.1mL/L).Six vessels were used for the solvent control and three vessels for each test concentration and culture media control. One blank vessel, without algae, was incubated concurrently for each control and test item group.The nominal concentration of the test substance were 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 mg/L. The test concentrations were analytically verified by gas chromatography and were determined to be 0.14, 0.30, 0.56, 1.3, 2.6 and 5.2 mg/L, respectively. The starting cell density in all vessels was 4.0E+04 cells/mL. The algal cell densities were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and the mean biomass and growth rate were calculated.
No effects were observed in the controls vessels. At 0.56 mg/L, the mean growth rate over 72 hours was significantly inhibited compared to the control vessels. At 1.3, 2.6 and 5.6 mg/L, growth inhibition increased further in a dose-responsive manner. Based on the growth rate inhibition, the 72-h NOErC was determined to be 0.30 mg/L and the 72-h ErC50 was determined to be 3.38 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1. The result obtained from the statistical analyses
Nominal concentration of test substance(mg/L) |
Meanmeasured concentration of test substance (0 to 96 hours) (mg/L) |
Mean area under growth curve (0-72 hours) |
Percentage of solvent control |
Culture medium control |
- |
94.5 |
- |
Solvent control |
- |
91.9 |
100 |
0.2 |
0.14 |
91.0 |
99 |
0.4 |
0.30 |
82.7 |
90 |
0.8 |
0.56 |
73.3 |
80* |
1.6 |
1.3 |
47.8 |
52* |
3.2 |
2.6 |
21.5 |
23* |
6.4 |
5.2 |
2.93 |
3* |
* Significant difference (P=0.05) from the solvent control
Table 2. Algal cell densities
Nominal concentration of the test substance inmg/L |
Mean measured concentration ofthe test substance inmg/L |
Replicate |
Algal cell density (1.0E+04 cells/mL) |
|||
Day 1 |
Day 2 |
Day3 |
Day 4 |
|||
Control |
- |
1 2 3 |
4.13 4.05 3.82 |
22.2 21.7 20.3 |
149 146 135 |
445 446 383 |
Mean |
4.00 |
21.4 |
143 |
425 |
||
Solvent control |
- |
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
3.92 4.41 3.66 4.22 3.89 3.67 |
20.5 22.7 20.4 22.0 21.3 20.8 |
148 154 133 145 135 115 |
465 477 422 440 416 396 |
Mean |
3.96 |
21.3 |
138 |
436 |
||
0.2 |
0.14 |
1 2 3 |
4.37 4.21 4.15 |
23.3 22.5 21.6 |
138 146 117 |
424 435 397 |
Mean |
4.24 |
22.5 |
134 |
419 |
||
0.4 |
0.30 |
1 2 3 |
4.35 4.14 3.90 |
22.4 20.1 20.4 |
142 117 102 |
420 338 332 |
Mean |
4.13 |
21.0 |
120 |
363 |
||
0.8 |
0.56 |
1 2 3 |
3.84 4.19 4.10 |
18.8 21.8 20.7 |
102 104 102 |
367 351 345 |
Mean |
4.04 |
20.4 |
103 |
354 |
||
1.6 |
1.3 |
1 2 3 |
3.28 3.26 3.21 |
15.0 15.3 14.7 |
64.2 65.9 62.4 |
228 234 225 |
Mean |
3.25 |
15.0 |
64.2 |
229 |
||
3.2 |
2.6 |
1 2 3 |
2.29 2.28 2.27 |
7.78 7.39 7.59 |
27.2 28.6 29.2 |
99.8 108 117 |
Mean |
2.28 |
7.59 |
28.3 |
108 |
||
6.4 |
5.2 |
1 2 3 |
1.34 1.54 1.53 |
2.02 2.26 2.14 |
3.03 4.51 3.70 |
5.30 8.06 7.28 |
Mean |
1.47 |
2.14 |
3.75 |
6.88 |
Description of key information
72-h ErC50 = 3.38 mg/L, static, Raphidocelis subcapitata, OECD TG 201, Smyth 1989
72-h NOErC = 0.30 mg/L, static, Raphidocelis subcapitata, OECD TG 201, Smyth 1989
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 3.38 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.3 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test substance to aquatic algae was determined in a study in accordance with OECD TG 201 and in compliance with GLP criteria. The freshwater green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata was cultured in a range of concentrations of the test substance for 96 hours. The cultures were incubated in a static regime at 24 ± 1°C, under continuous illumination (8100 Lux), with orbital shaking at 100 rpm. The test substance was of a low water solubility and acetone was therefore used as a solvent in the preparation of test solutions (0.1mL/L).Six vessels were used for the solvent control and three vessels for each test concentration and culture media control. One blank vessel, without algae, was incubated concurrently for each control and test item group. The nominal concentration of the test substance were 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 mg/L. The test concentrations were analytically verified by gas chromatography and were determined to be 0.14, 0.30, 0.56, 1.3, 2.6 and 5.2 mg/L, respectively. The starting cell density in all vessels was 4.0E+04 cells/mL. The algal cell densities were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and the mean biomass and growth rate were calculated.
No effects were observed in the controls vessels. At 0.56 mg/L, the mean growth rate over 72 hours was significantly inhibited compared to the control vessels. At 1.3, 2.6 and 5.6 mg/L, growth inhibition increased further in a dose-responsive manner. Based on the growth rate inhibition, the 72-h NOErC was determined to be 0.30 mg/L and the 72-h ErC50 was determined to be 3.38 mg/L.
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