Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 217-588-1 | CAS number: 1897-45-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Oxidising properties
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- oxidising solids
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 3 May 1994 to 15 Jul 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.17 (Oxidising Properties (Solids))
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Contact with:
- powdered cellulose
- Sample tested:
- other: 1:4 test substance:cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 417 s
- Key result
- Sample tested:
- other: 1:9 test substance:cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 423 s
- Sample tested:
- other: 7:3 barium nitrate:cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 823 s
- Sample tested:
- other: 3:2 barium nitrate:cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 573 s
- Sample tested:
- other: 1:1 barium nitrate:cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 708 s
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The test substance was not considered to be an oxidising solid based on this experimental study and further examination of the physico-chemical data of test substance.
- Executive summary:
To determine the oxidizing properties of the substance, a study was performed according to EC Test A.17 and in compliance with GLP. In this study the mean burning times of the 10 % test substance and 90 % cellulose showed that, in combination with further examination of it's physico-chemical data, the test substance does not have oxidising properties.
Reference
The three fastest reactions for the test substance:cellulose mixture, i.e., 3:7, 1:4, and 1:9, were determined two more times. The mean reaction time of the 1:9 mixture was 7 minutes 3 seconds for the three replicates. Note: The three reaction times (6:57, 7:03, 7:09, min.:sec) did not differ from the mean reaction time by more than 10 %. For replicates 2 and 3 of the 1:4 mixture, the flame sustained for 110 mm and 150 mm, respectively, and then extinguished. The 3:7 mixture extinguished after 20 mm and 30 mm for replicates 2 and 3. Clearly then, the fastest burn rate or reaction time for test substance: cellulose mixtures was achieved for 10 % test substance and 90 % cellulose by mass. The fastest reaction time for barium nitrate : cellulose mixtures was achieved for a 60 % barium nitrate/40% cellulose mixture as predicted in EEC Method A.17. However, this time (9:33) was slower than the mean fastest reaction time for test substance: cellulose mixtures. This was not an expected result. In fact, based on a consideration of the chemical structure of the test substance, and data collected earlier one would have expected observations indicating no oxidizing potential. In light of these observations, further experimentation with the barium nitrate : cellulose combinations was performed. Previously, the barium nitrate material was sieved through a #40 mesh sieve as opposed to a #120 mesh sieve. Therefore, to be consistent, three more mixtures of barium nitrate:cellulose, in the ratio 3:2, respectively, were prepared using barium nitrate that had been sieved through a #120 mesh sieve and dried to constant mass. The reaction times were 7:39, 8:00, and 7:53 (min.:sec) for each replicate and a mean reaction time of 7 minutes 51 seconds. Reducing the particle size of the oxidizer, barium nitrate, clearly reduced the mean reaction time for the mixture; however, it was still longer than the test substance:cellulose mean time. At this juncture, experimentation was ceased. The following discussion addresses the false positive results obtained above.
The EEC Method A.17, section 1.1, states that the test need not be performed if examination of the structural formula establishes beyond reasonable doubt that the test substance is incapable of reacting exothermically with a combustible material. As per the Explosive Properties, this theoretical route,supported with published data, was taken. Many of the points of discussion within the Explosive Properties section are relevant to the discussion below; hence, if the reader feels a strong case of deja vu, it is with good cause. At ambient laboratory temperatures, it was demonstrated within this report that the test substance did not ignite or propagate combustion, either by burning with flame or smouldering along 200 mm of a powder train within a 4-minute test period. Based on this observation, reproduced in duplicate, it was concluded that the test substance should not be considered a highly flammable substance.
At temperatures above ambient laboratory temperature, 140 °C, it was demonstrated for Auto-Flammability, that the test substance did not spontaneously ignite over a 24-hour test period. These reported findings, i.e., at ambient laboratory temperature and at 140 °C, support the statements made within the Explosive Properties section where it is stated that the combustion of the test substance cannot be sustained outside a high temperature environment. Further, for a reasonable degree of combustion, the test substance must be placed inside a quartz tube and the latter heated to 700 °C in a furnace and exposed to air flow. The air flow is essential to provide the necessary oxygen for combustion. This test substance has no oxygen of its own to support combustion. From a purely structural standpoint, these findings (Flammability and Auto-Flammability) are not surprising. The test substance comprises molecular species with about half of the under chlorinated homologs. It is well known that some halogen containing compounds, particularly perchlorinated aromatic species, are known to make combustion difficult. A major molecular species of the test substance is comprised of perchlorinated aromatic species. Based on the above described agreement between chemical structural theory and observed flammability properties (Flammability and Auto-Flammability), the oxidizing properties data presents an anomaly , i.e., a false positive, that can only be explained in terms of some physical phenomenon. Cellulose alone was observed to burn only part way, 100 mm, across the 200-mm train. The test substance alone did not burn at all. Hence, by adding a material that does not burn and has no oxygen donation capacity (the test substance) to something that does burn weakly (the cellulose), one would expect the burning rate of the mixture to reduce with respect to cellulose alone and burn out before 100 mm. In essence, it would be akin to mixing sand, a known noncombustible material, to cellulose and comparing the burn rate and propagation distance of the mix to that obtained by cellulose alone. If, however, the packing density of the mix of test substance and cellulose is reduced somewhat during the process of burning relative to the packing density of cellulose alone, it apparently is possible that the burn rate and propagation distance may increase for the mixture. Taking an extreme hypothetical example, one could envisage burning a log of wood 100 mm long of the same mass and degree of moisture as a pile of wood shavings 100 mm long. Clearly, the latter pile, which has a much lower density, would burn and propagate at a much faster rate than the log. The reason for this is clear. The lower density allows air to penetrate to the combustion front more efficiently and the higher effective surface area allows a hotter flame. It is well known that pure test substance sublimes around 150 °C and that a typical laboratory burner can reach temperatures as high as 800 °C . Hence, the subsequent sublimation of some of the test substance in the 1:9 mixture, which releases gaseous test substance, will alter the packing density of the mixture, i.e., reduce it from its original density prior to burning. This physical effect, however small, must provide an explanation for the anomaly reported above. Based on a consideration of all of the pertinent experimental data within this report, i.e Flammability, Auto-Flammability, and sound theoretical discussions within Explosives, we conclude that the test substance is not an oxidizer.
Table 1 Time of Reaction for Barium Nitrate:Cellulose Mixtures
Mixture Barium Nitrate:Cellulose |
Time (min:sec) |
Observations |
9:1 |
NR |
* |
4:1 |
NR |
* |
7:3 |
13:43 |
** |
3:2 |
09:33 |
** |
1:1 |
11:48 |
** |
2:3 |
NR |
* |
3:7 |
NR |
* |
1:4 |
NR |
* |
1:9 |
NR |
* |
NR = Not Reacted, i.e., a flame that did not self sustain and propagate 200 mm across the train.
* Flame did not sustain and propagate 200 mm.
** Flame sustained for 10 mm and extinguished.
*** Flame sustained and propagated 200 mm.
Table 2 Time of Reaction for Test substance:Cellulose Mixture
Mixture Test Substance:Cellulose |
Time (min:sec) |
Observations |
9:1 |
NR |
* |
4:1 |
NR |
* |
7:3 |
NR |
* |
3:2 |
NR |
* |
1:1 |
NR |
* |
2:3 |
NR |
* |
3:7 |
NR |
** |
1:4 |
10:50 |
*** |
1:9 |
6:57 |
*** |
NR = Not Reacted, i.e., a flame that did not self sustain and propagate 200 mm across the train.
* Flame did not sustain and propagate 200 mm.
** Flame sustained for 10 mm and extinguished.
*** Flame sustained and propagated 200 mm.
Table 3 Time of Reaction for Barium Nitrate and Cellulose Only
Material |
Time |
Observations |
Barium Nitrate |
NR |
* |
Cellulose |
NR |
* |
NR = Not Reacted, i.e., a flame that did not self sustain and propagate 200 mm across the train.
* Flame did not sustain and propagate 200 mm.
** Flame sustained for 10 mm and extinguished.
*** Flame sustained and propagated 200 mm.
Description of key information
The fastest burn rate or reaction time for test substance: cellulose mixtures was achieved for 10 % test substance and 90% cellulose by mass. EU Method A.17, Gallacher 1994.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Oxidising properties:
- non oxidising
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available information, classification on oxidising properties is not warranted in accordance with EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation No. (EC) 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.