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EC number: 944-870-8 | CAS number: -
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- Aquatic toxicity
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Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- July 2018 - April 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Details on sampling:
- At the start of the exposure (0 hours), samples of the fresh media were taken after preparation of each concentration and analysed. At the end of the exposure (72 hours), samples of the old media were taken from the test vessels for analyses.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 116 mg/L was prepared once 24 ± 1 hour prior to the start of the exposure. An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out and transferred with an appropriate amount of the dilution water into a glass flask. This dispersion was stirred on a magnetic stirrer at approx. 1100 rpm for 24 ± 1 hour at room temperature. After completion of stirring, the solution was centrifuged for 15 minutes with 14000 rpm at 20 °C, to remove undissolved particles, and used for testing. After centrifugation, the supernatant was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was negative.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Source: Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), SAMS Research Services Ltd, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Dunbeg, OBAN; Argyll PA37 1QA; Scotland, UK
- Age of inoculum: A four days old preculture, prepared in dilution water and incubated under test conditions, was used as inoculum.
- Method of cultivation: Nutrient medium Z according to LUTTGE et al. (1994)
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22 - 24 °C
- pH:
- 7.85 - 8.81
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0.316, 1.00, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100% of the saturated solution
Geometric mean measured test item concentrations: 0.0181, 0.0448, 0.148, 0.588, 2.32, 8.48 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Sterile glass Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: closed (sealed with cotton wool plugs)
- Material, size, fill volume: glass, 25 mL, 10 mL
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 6442 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 1984933 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: Dilution water (OECD TG 201 medium)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 hours/day light
- Light intensity and quality: 5484 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a- fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm.
Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end of the incubation period was carried out. The cells were checked for unusual cell shapes, colour differences, differences in chloroplast morphology, flocculation, adherence of algae to test containers and agglutination of algae cells.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: √10
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1, 10, 100 % saturated solution
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 8.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 8.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The toxicity of potassium dichromate (SIGMA ALDRICH, batch number MKBV0900V, purity 99.0%, CAS RN 7778-50-9) to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined over a period of 72 hours from 2018-09-25 to 2018-09-28. The reference item toxicity is in the valid range following test facility SOPs. EC50 (growth rate): 0.799 (0.707-1.3), EC50 (biomass): 0.607 (0.404-0.694)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. The results based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations were: NOEC: 2.32 mg/L, EC50 > 8.48 mg/L (for growth rate and biomass).
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016/Method C.3. The aim of the study was the determination of the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours. The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6442 cells/mL. A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 116 mg/L, corresponding to 100 mg active substance/L was prepared once 24 ± 1 hour prior to the start of the exposure. An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out and transferred with an appropriate amount of the dilution water into a glass flask. This dispersion was stirred on a magnetic stirrer at approx. 1100 rpm for 24 ± 1 hour at room temperature. After completion of stirring, the solution was centrifuged for 15 minutes with 14000 rpm at 20 °C, to remove undissolved particles, and used for testing. After centrifugation, the supernatant was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was negative. Six concentration levels were tested in a geometrical series with a spacing factor of: 0.316 - 1.00 - 3.16 - 10.0 - 31.6 - 100 % of the saturated solution, corresponding to the geometric mean measured test item concentrations: 0.0181 - 0.0448 - 0.148 - 0.588 - 2.32 - 8.48 mg/L. Three replicates were tested for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits. At the end of exposure after 72 hours, the measured concentrations were in the range of 28 to 85% of the initially measured concentrations. All effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations of the test item. The results based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations were: NOEC: 2.32 mg/L, LOEC: 8.48 mg/L, EC50 > 8.48 mg/L (for growth rate and biomass).
Reference
Table 1: Cell Densities
Geometric mean measured test item concentration [mg/L] |
Replicate No. |
Cell density [cells/mL] |
|||
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
||
8.48 |
1 |
6442 |
16332 |
104017 |
1303653 |
2 |
6442 |
16970 |
110290 |
1342131 |
|
3 |
6442 |
17765 |
118472 |
1414918 |
|
Mean |
6442 |
17022 |
110926 |
1353567 |
|
2.32 |
1 |
6442 |
25222 |
206514 |
1920263 |
2 |
6442 |
27571 |
216161 |
1828312 |
|
3 |
6442 |
23082 |
176277 |
1845143 |
|
Mean |
6442 |
25292 |
199651 |
1864573 |
|
0.588 |
1 |
6442 |
29673 |
237369 |
1875377 |
2 |
6442 |
28514 |
228129 |
1922098 |
|
3 |
6442 |
29601 |
234822 |
1671117 |
|
Mean |
6442 |
29263 |
233440 |
1822864 |
|
0.148 |
1 |
6442 |
27484 |
231394 |
1960487 |
2 |
6442 |
28730 |
216692 |
1877373 |
|
3 |
6442 |
30284 |
215198 |
1909397 |
|
Mean |
6442 |
28833 |
221095 |
1915752 |
|
0.0448 |
1 |
6442 |
26925 |
229800 |
1992000 |
2 |
6442 |
16782 |
228514 |
1886295 |
|
3 |
6442 |
29514 |
235326 |
1873535 |
|
Mean |
6442 |
24407 |
231213 |
1917277 |
|
0.0181 |
1 |
6442 |
27595 |
221265 |
1987087 |
2 |
6442 |
28499 |
206072 |
1943246 |
|
3 |
6442 |
29097 |
219215 |
1824335 |
|
Mean |
6442 |
28397 |
215517 |
1918223 |
|
Control |
1 |
6442 |
27034 |
244191 |
1919710 |
2 |
6442 |
28861 |
237369 |
1910822 |
|
3 |
6442 |
30123 |
225389 |
2056744 |
|
4 |
6442 |
32118 |
221079 |
2039466 |
|
5 |
6442 |
30887 |
218899 |
2015435 |
|
6 |
6442 |
33772 |
248853 |
1967423 |
|
Mean |
6442 |
30466 |
232630 |
1984933 |
Table 2: Inhibition of Growth rate and Yield: Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Geometric mean measured test item concentration [mg/L] |
Replicate No. |
Growth Rate [d-1] |
Inhibition of Growth Rate [%] |
Yield [cells/mL] |
Inhibition of Yield [%] |
8.48 |
1 |
1.77 |
7 |
1297211 |
34 |
2 |
1.78 |
7 |
1335689 |
32 |
|
3 |
1.80 |
6 |
1408476 |
29 |
|
Mean |
(+) 1.78 |
7 |
(+) 1347125 |
32 |
|
2.32 |
1 |
1.90 |
1 |
1913821 |
3 |
2 |
1.88 |
1 |
1821870 |
8 |
|
3 |
1.89 |
1 |
1838701 |
7 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.89 |
1 |
(-) 1858131 |
6 |
|
0.588 |
1 |
1.89 |
1 |
1868935 |
6 |
2 |
1.90 |
1 |
1915656 |
3 |
|
3 |
1.85 |
3 |
1664675 |
16 |
|
Mean |
(+)11.88 |
2 |
(+)21816422 |
8 |
|
0.148 |
1 |
1.91 |
0 |
1954045 |
1 |
2 |
1.89 |
1 |
1870931 |
5 |
|
3 |
1.90 |
1 |
1902955 |
4 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.90 |
1 |
1909310 |
4 |
|
0.0448 |
1 |
1.91 |
0 |
(-) 1985558 |
0 |
2 |
1.89 |
1 |
1879853 |
5 |
|
3 |
1.89 |
1 |
1867093 |
6 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.90 |
1 |
(-) 1910835 |
3 |
|
0.0181 |
1 |
1.91 |
0 |
1980645 |
0 |
2 |
1.90 |
0 |
1936804 |
2 |
|
3 |
1.88 |
1 |
1817893 |
8 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.90 |
1 |
(-) 1911781 |
3 |
|
Control |
1 |
1.90 |
|
1913268 |
|
2 |
1.92 |
|
1904380 |
|
|
3 |
1.92 |
|
2050302 |
|
|
4 |
1.92 |
|
2033024 |
|
|
5 |
1.90 |
|
2008993 |
|
|
6 |
1.91 |
|
1960981 |
|
|
Mean |
1.91 |
|
1978491 |
|
1: Since inihibtion values were <5% and showed no concentration dependent correlation, growth rate inhibition is considered to be not significant
2: statistically significant, but with a higher concentration level showing no harmful effect/statistical significance compared to control (as definition of NOEC/LOEC).
Table 3: Measured Concentration of the test item in the Definitive Test with Algae
Sampling date |
Fresh Media, 0 hours |
Old Media, 72 hours |
|
|
Dilution of a saturated Solution [%] |
Test item |
|||
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
% |
Geometric mean measured concentration* [mg/L] |
|
100 |
9.19 |
7.83 |
85 |
8.48 |
31.6 |
2.68 |
2.00 |
75 |
2.32 |
10.0 |
0.897 |
0.386 |
43 |
0.588 |
3.16 |
0.251 |
0.0867 |
35 |
0.148 |
1.00 |
0.0845 |
0.0237 |
28 |
0.0448 |
0.316 |
0.0274 |
0.0119 |
43 |
0.0181 |
Control |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
|
Meas. conc.= measured concentration of the test item, dilution factors taken into account
% = percent of the initial measured concentration of the test item
LOQ = limit of quantification of the analytical method (0.0200 mg/L of the test item)
*= formula for the calculation of geometric mean measured concentration (GM =\jyl * y2)
GM = Geometric mean ; y1 = Meas. cone, of the fresh media ; y2 = Meas. cone, of the old media
Description of key information
The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. The results based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations were: NOEC: 2.32 mg/L, EC50 > 8.48 mg/L (for growth rate and biomass).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 2.32 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016/Method C.3 (reference 6.1.5 -1). The aim of the study was the determination of the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours. The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6442 cells/mL. A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 116 mg/L, corresponding to 100 mg active substance/L was prepared once 24 ± 1 hour prior to the start of the exposure. An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out and transferred with an appropriate amount of the dilution water into a glass flask. This dispersion was stirred on a magnetic stirrer at approx. 1100 rpm for 24 ± 1 hour at room temperature. After completion of stirring, the solution was centrifuged for 15 minutes with 14000 rpm at 20 °C, to remove undissolved particles, and used for testing. After centrifugation, the supernatant was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was negative. Six concentration levels were tested in a geometrical series with a spacing factor of: 0.316 - 1.00 - 3.16 - 10.0 - 31.6 - 100 % of the saturated solution, corresponding to the geometric mean measured test item concentrations: 0.0181 - 0.0448 - 0.148 - 0.588 - 2.32 - 8.48 mg/L. Three replicates were tested for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits. At the end of exposure after 72 hours, the measured concentrations were in the range of 28 to 85 % of the initially measured concentrations. All effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations ofthe test item. The resultsbased on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations were: NOEC: 2.32 mg/L, LOEC: 8.48 mg/L, EC50 > 8.48 mg/L (for growth rate and biomass).
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