Amaryllidaceae, Allium Cepa L. (fresh bulb), Rutaceae, Citrus Limon (L.) Burm. F. (fresh pulp), extract, sodium chloride

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

16/02/2015-21/02/2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2016

Report date:

2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Amaryllidaceae, Allium Cepa L. (fresh bulb), Rutaceae, Citrus Limon (L.) Burm. F. (fresh pulp), extract, sodium chloride

EC Number:

944-860-3

IUPAC Name:

Amaryllidaceae, Allium Cepa L. (fresh bulb), Rutaceae, Citrus Limon (L.) Burm. F. (fresh pulp), extract, sodium chloride

Test material form:

solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Appearance : Brown powder
Test item storage : At room temperature desiccated
Stable under storage conditions until 24 November 2017 (retest date)

No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test compound

Method

Target gene:

TA1537 hisC3076 Frameshift
TA98 hisD3052/R-factor* Frameshift
TA1535 hisG46 Base-pair substitutions
TA100 hisG46/R-factor* Base-pair substitutions
TA102 hisG428/R-factor** Transition/transversion

*: R-factor = plasmid pKM101 (increases error-prone DNA repair)
**: R-factor = pKM101 and pAQ1

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102

Remarks:

Source Trinova Biochem GmbH, Germany (Master culture from Dr. Bruce N. Ames). Stock cultures of the five strains were stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C).

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Rat liver microsomal enzymes (S9 homogenate) were obtained from Trinova Biochem GmbH, Giessen, Germany and were prepared from male Sprague Dawley rats that had been injected intraperitoneally with Aroclor 1254. Preparation just before use

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

First experiment : direct plate assay
Range finding test (TA100) : 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate (with/without S9 mix) : 3 replicates
Mutagen assay (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA102) : 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate

Second experiment : preincubation assay
Mutagen assay (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and TA102) : up to the dose level of 5000 μg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

Milli-Q water (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA., USA)

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

not specified

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

sodium azide

methylmethanesulfonate

other: tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TA102 without metabolic activation) ; ICR-191 (TA1537 without metabolic activation)

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

not specified

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

First experiment: direct plate assay :
The mentioned dose range finding study with tester strain TA100 is reported as a part of the direct plate assay. In the second part, Dry extract of the item liquid extract was tested with/without S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA102. Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 ml molten top agar: 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (109 cells/ml) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 ml of a dilution of the test item in Milli-Q water and either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays). The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0°C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies were counted.

Second experiment: pre-incubation assay :
The test item was tested with/without S9-mix in all strains. Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were pre-incubated for 30 minutes by 70 rpm at 37°C, either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays), 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (109 cells/ml) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 ml of a dilution of the test item in Milli-Q water. After the pre-incubation period the solutions were added to 3 ml molten top agar. The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0°C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies were counted.

Rationale for test conditions:

Not specified

Evaluation criteria:

- Bacterial mutation assay considered acceptable if :
a) The vehicle control and positive control plates from each tester strain (with or without S9-mix) must exhibit a characteristic number of revertant colonies when compared against relevant historical control data generated at WIL Research Europe.
b) The selected dose range should include a clearly toxic concentration or should exhibit limited solubility as demonstrated by the preliminary toxicity range-finding test or should extend to 5 mg/plate.
c) No more than 5% of the plates are lost through contamination or some other unforeseen event. If the results are considered invalid due to contamination, the experiment will be repeated.

- A test item is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strains TA100 and TA102 is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, and the total number of revertants in tester strain TA1535, TA1537 and TA98 is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.
- A test item is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strains TA100 and TA102 is greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, or the total number of revertants in tester strain TA1535, TA1537 and TA98, is greater than three (3) times the concurrent control.
b) In case a repeat experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment

Statistics:

See above

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 6

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 7

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The negative control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges, except the response for TA102 in the absence of S9-mix, first experiment. However since the mean number of revertant colonies showed a characteristic number of revertant colonies (209 revertant colonies) when compared against relevant historical control data (225 relevant colonies), the validity of the test was considered to be not affected.

The strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly, except the responses for TA98 in the absence of S9-mix (first and second experiment) and TA102 in the presence of S9-mix (first experiment), for which the number of revertants was above the maximum historical control values. The purpose of the positive control is as a reference for the test system, where a positive response is required to check if the test system functions correctly. Since the value was more than 3 times greater than the concurrent solvent control values, this deviation in the mean plate count of the positive control had no effect on the results of the study.

Remarks on result:

other: exp 1 : Dose range finding test

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Executive summary:

Based on the results of this study it is concluded that the test item is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay.