Bromoform

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: The acute toxicity tests followed procedures presented in "Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians" (U.S. EPA 1975).

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

All chemicals (the study was part of a series on multiple chemicals) tested during the study were >80% pure.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Lepomis macrochirus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Blue Gill
- Source: Test animals utilised were young of the year bluegill (L. macrochirus) obtained from commercial fish suppliers within the continental United States.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): not given
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.32 - 1.2g


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not stated
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): No
- Acclimiation water: Well water at a minimum of four volume replacements per day. Chemical and physical characteristics of this well-water were measured weekly, revealing a total hardness of 28-44 mg/L CaC03, a total alkalinity of 20-30 mg/L CaCO3, a pH of 6.7-7.4, a dissolved oxygen concentration of 5.3-7.0 mg/L, a specific conductance of 95-170 µmhos/cm and a temperature of 20-24 °C

FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type: Daily dry, pelleted food and once weekly with raw ground beef liver. All feeding was discontinued for 48 h prior to testing.
- Frequency: ad libitum

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

32-48 mg/L CaCO3 (dilution water)

Test temperature:

21 -23 °C

pH:

7.9 - 6.5

Dissolved oxygen:

9.7 mg/l at the start of exposure to 0.3 mg/l at the end of the test.

Conductivity:

3-190 umhos/cm (dilution water)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 19.6 litre widemouthed glass jars
- Test vessel fill volume: 15 litres of test solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not specified (test substance identifed as soluble and it is not clear from the paper if a solvent/ vehicle was used)

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water used to prepare the test solutions was deionised water reconstituted according to recommended procedures (U.S. EPA 1975). The water had a total hardness of 32-48 mg/L CaCO3, a total alkalinity of 28-34 mg/L CaC03, a pH of 6.7-7.8, a dissolved oxygen concentration of 7.0-8.8 mg/L,
a specific conductance as 93-190 µmhos/cm.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not stated
- Photoperiod: Not stated
- Light intensity: Not stated.

Key result

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

33 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

29 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

96-hour LC50 95% confidence limits were 24 -36 mg/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The 96-hour LC50 of the test substance to Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was 29 mg/l with 95% confidence limits of 24 -36 mg/L.

Executive summary:

Introduction

The toxicity of the test substance to the freshwater fish BlueGill (Lepomis macrochirus) was investigated using procedures presented in "Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians" (U.S. EPA 1975).

Method

Ten fish were randomly selected from a test population and added to each test jar within 30 min after the addition of the test chemical. est substance free controls were also maintained and capped where appropriate. Controls were maintained under the same conditions as the test solutions. Fish were exposed for a total of 96 hours. Fish mortality, behavioural and physiological responses, and solution appearance were observed and recorded at time 0 and every 24 h during exposure.

Results and Conclusion

The 96-hour LC50 of the test substance to Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was 29 mg/l with 95% confidence limits of 24 -36 mg/L.

Description of key information

Acute toxicity of the test substance to fish.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

29 mg/L