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EC number: 233-382-4 | CAS number: 10138-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Daphnia longispina were collected from Rutland water (UK) and cultured in the laboratory in an artificial media containing 0.35 g/l magnesium sulphate, 0.54 g/l sodium hydrogen carbonate, 0.01 g/l potassium chloride and 0.21 g/l calcium sulphate. The cultures were kept at 20 °C (Enserink et al., 1990; Milbrink & Bengtsson, 1991; Jones et al., 1991), under a light regime of 16 hours light:8 hours dark (OECD, 1981; Vijverberg, 1989) in an environmental cabinet. The cultures were fed the alga Chlorella at a concentration of 1.25E6 cells per ml with yeast extract as an organic additive (Vijverberg, 1989). Acute toxicity tests were carried out over 48 hours, and chronic tests over 21 days in ferric sulphate and china clay (an inert particulate substance which acted as a control). Appropriate china clay concentrations were derived from the dry weight of ferric sulphate in each test concentration to give equivalent amounts of particulate material. Animals exposed to ferric sulphate or china clay in chronic toxicity tests were collected once mortality occurred or at the end of the test, and preserved in 4% formalin. The filtering area of the third thoracic limb was calculated from setae length, using the following equation (Egloff & Palmer, 1971; Crittenden, 1981): y=1.879x X1.966; where y = estimated the area of one comb (mm2); X = mean seta length from 5 measured setae (mm). The relationships between standard length (measured from the eye to the base of the tail) and filtering area was then compared to determine whether ferric sulphate precipitates had an impact on morphology of Daphnia. Thoracic appendage beat rate was directly observed to determine whether mechanical interference of feeding by the precipitate occurred. Daphnia were exposed to the suspended ferric sulphate in a hanging droplet. Video equipment recorded the thoracic appendage rate, and the number of times food was rejected from the food groove.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other aquatic crustacea: Daphnia longispina
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia longispina were collected from Rutland water reservoir (near Leicester/UK) and cultured in artificial medium (0.35 g/l magnesium sulfate, 0.54 g/l sodium hydrogen carbonate, 0.01 g/l potassium chloride, 0.21 g/l calcium sulfate). Cultures were kept at 19 - 21 °C, under a 16/8 h light/dark cycle. Cultures were fed the alga Chlorella (1.25E6 cells/ml) with yeast extract.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not specified
- Hardness:
- not specified
- Test temperature:
- 19 - 21 °C
- pH:
- not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Salinity:
- not specified
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations / mg/l: 1, 2, 8, 10, 15, 25, 30, 50
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Fe
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- The mean effective dose (ED50) was calculated using the method of Litchfield & Wilcoxen (1949), to be 11.48 mg/l between confidence limits of 12.39 and 10.63 mg/l.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The effective dose to 50% (EC50) of daphnia longispina is 11.48 mg Fe/l. This value corresponds to 54.67 mg/l ammonium iron(III) sulfate.
- Executive summary:
In this publication by Randall et al. (published 1999), the toxicity of iron sulfate to aquatic invertebrates is assessed. Test animals (Daphnia longispina) were exposed to different concentrations of the test substance and observed for 48 hours. The ED50 value was derived from the mortality of the animals. The effective dose to 50% (EC50) of daphnia longispina is 11.48 mg Fe/l. This value corresponds to 54.67 mg/l ammonium iron(III) sulfate. This study was cited by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in their online database ECOTOX.
Reference
Description of key information
By dissolution of ammonium iron(III) sulfate in water ammonium, iron(III) and sulfate ions are generated. Therefore, the toxicity of ammonium iron(III) sulfate to aquatic invertebrates can be assessed by the toxicity of the solvated ions. For ammonium compounds, studies on various species with LC50 values in a range from 13 to 600 mg/l and EC50 values in range from 73.05 to 168.7 mg/l were found (cf. Additional information). For iron(III) sulfate, a study on Daphnia longispina with an EC50 (48h) of 11.48 mg iron (corresponding to 54.67 mg ammonium iron(III) sulfate) per litre was found.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 54.67 mg/L
Additional information
Test Material | Species | Dose Descriptor | Duration | Result |
Ammonium Chloride | Daphnia magna | LC50 | 48 h | 101 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Crangon crangon | LC50 | 96 h | 380 - 600 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Perna viridis | LC50 | 96 h | 13 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Daphnia magna | EC50 | 48 h | 168.7 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Ceriodaphnia acanthine | EC50 | 48 h | 121.7 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Daphnia magna | EC50 | 48 h | 73.05 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Dugesia tigrina | LC50 | 96 h | > 100 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Daphnia magna | LC50 | 96 h | > 100 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Asellus Intermedius | LC50 | 96 h | > 100 mg/l |
Ammonium sulfate | Gammarus fasciatus | LC50 | 96 h | > 100 mg/l |
Iron (III) sulfate | Daphnia longispina | EC50 | 48 h | 11.48 mg/l Fe |
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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