2-aminoethanol hydrobromide

Short-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

The target compound is a salt. The procedure commonly used to generate in silico predictions of salt substances consists in the removal of the counter ion (or the inorganic part, or the lowest MW part of the salt molecule) and, if necessary, the subsequent neutralization. This procedure is needed to calculate the descriptors used to make the predictions. This procedure was discussed and confirmed by several experts, both academic and regulators (European Agency for chemicals, ECHA). In the case of the target 2-aminoethanol hydrobromide, for modelling purposes, the chemical structure has been processed by removal of the inorganic part (HBr).

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

QSAR model: ACD/Percepta model for acute aquatic toxicity in Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

This tool was selected according to the OECD Guidance Document on the validation of (Q)SAR models that describes generally accepted guidelines to evaluate the validity of a (Q)SAR model, which is the first condition to be fulfilled to use a (Q)SAR result or regulatory purposes.

ACD/Percepta (Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc., Pharma Algorithms, Inc.) (release 2017) is a suite of comprehensive tools for the prediction of basic toxicity endpoints, including hERG Inhibition, CYP3A4 Inhibition, Genotoxicity, Acute Toxicity, Aquatic Toxicity, Eye/Skin Irritation, Endocrine System Disruption, and Health Effects. Predictions are made from chemical structure and based upon large validated databases and QSAR models, in combination with expert knowledge of organic chemistry and toxicology. The majority of ACD/Percepta models were developed using the GALAS modelling methodology (Global, Adjusted Locally According to Similarity), which consists in two parts: 1) a global (baseline) statistical model based on PLS with multiple bootstrapping, using a predefined set of fragmental descriptors; 2) local correction to baseline prediction based on the analysis of model performance for similar compounds from the training set. ACD/Percepta allows to evaluate the robustness of the prediction by examining compounds similar to the target from the training set, together with literature data and reference. For the majority of ACD/Percepta models, similarity toward training set analogues is measured in terms of “property-specific” similarity. Quantitatively, the similarity between the target compound and each training set analogue is expressed in terms of their individual Similarity Index (SIi) calculated from the correlation of the corresponding two predicted property value vectors (made of multiple estimated values from bootstrapping PLS models). ACD/Percepta models based on GALAS modelling methodology also provide an estimation of the reliability of the prediction, by a reliability index (RI). This index provides values in a range from 0 to 1 and gives an evaluation of whether a submitted compound falls within the Model Applicability Domain. In particular: RI < 0.3 (Not Reliable), RI in range 0.3-0.5 (Borderline Reliability), RI in range 0.5-0.75 (Moderate Reliability), RI ≥ 0.75 (High Reliability). Estimation of the RI takes into account the following two aspects: similarity of the tested compound to the training set and the consistency of experimental values for similar compounds. The target compound 2-aminoethanol is included in the model applicability domain since the RI is greater than 0.3.

ACD/Aquatic Toxicity: ACD/Labs Aquatic toxicity module is an accurate and reliable predictive tool that serves as a valuable first estimate of the compounds’ toxicity to aquatic organisms. The module calculates short-term toxicity to three species that are typically used in aquatic toxicity assays. The predicted parameters include lethal concentration (LC50, mg/L) to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and water fleas (Daphnia magna), as well as inhibitory growth concentration (IGC50, mg/L) to ciliate protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis). Experimental data that was used for model development was collected from the EPA and original scientific publications. After thorough verification of the obtained values the final data sets contained about 900 compounds with quantitative LC50 values characterizing acute toxicity to fishes (Pimephales promelas), 600 compounds - to water fleas (Daphnia magna), and 1100 compounds - to ciliate protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis). The predictive models were derived using GALAS modeling methodology.
ACD/Aquatic toxicity module estimates the reliability of predictions in terms of reliability index (RI). Together with the prediction, ACD/Percepta displays up to 5 most similar structures from the training set along with experimental results and references. The similarity is measured in terms of “property-specific” similarity.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Reference

Name:

Unnamed

Type:

Constituent

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 1 800 mg/L

Details on results:

The prediction has a reliability index of 0.85 and is considered highly reliable (i.e.target compound is included in the applicability domain of the model and the prediction is assessed as highly accurate (very limited uncertainty)).

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Prediction: 96-h LC50 (Pimephales promelas) equal to 1800 mg/L.

Applicability Domain (AD): Detailed structural and/or response limits of the applicability domain are not defined. The applicability domain of predictions is assessed using the Reliability Index (RI). This index provides values in a range from 0 to 1 and gives an evaluation of whether a target compound falls within the model applicability domain. Estimation of the RI takes into account the following two aspects: similarity of the tested compound to the training set and the consistency of experimental values for similar compounds. For RI values lower than 0.3 the target compound is considered outside the model AD and the prediction is assessed as not reliable. The target compound 2-aminoethanol is included in the model applicability domain since the RI is greater than 0.3.

Structural analogues: ACD/Percepta displays up to 5 most structurally similar structures from the training set along with their experimental test results. The similarity of the target compound with respect to the training set compounds is analysed in terms of “property-specific” and structural similarity. The five identified analogues from the training set include the target 2-aminoethanol, for which an experimental LC50 value of 2100 mg/L is reported, and four compounds exhibiting moderate to high similarity toward the target (similarity index in the range 0.69-0.98) and experimental LC50 values ranging from 220 mg/L (Ethylenediamine) to 2500 mg/L ((R)-1 -Aminopropan-2-ol). The target and the four mostly similar training set analogues are illustrated in Table below.

Name of analogue	Experimental LC50 (mg/L)	Similarity
Ethanolamine (Target)	2100	1.00
(R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol	2500	0.98
N-(Hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine	720	0.77
Ethylenediamine	220	0.69
Propylenediamine	1000	0.69

Prediction uncertainty & reliability: The reliability of the prediction is evaluated by ACD/Percepta by means of the reliability index (RI). In particular: RI < 0.3 (Not Reliable), RI in range 0.3-0.5 (Borderline

Reliability), RI in range 0.5-0.75 (Moderate Reliability), RI >= 0.75 (High Reliability). In the case of the target 2-aminoethanol, the prediction was assessed as highly reliable, based on the reliability index equal to 0.85 and the following considerations:

- Target compound is included in the training set, and its experimental data is consistent with the target prediction.

- Training set analogues similarity: moderate to high.

- Experimental data of training set analogues: analogues exhibit a wide range of LC50 values (from 220 mg/L to 2500 mg/L), however all these values are far above the regulatory threshold for fish acute toxicity of 1 mg/L.

Adequacy: The acute toxicity on fish QSAR prediction was assessed as adequate for regulatory purposes (Klimisch 2 - result derived from a valid QSAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation/justification).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

This study was designed to generate estimated in silico (non-testing) data for 2-aminoethanol hydrobromide (CAS 23382-12-9) to be used for its hazard assessment. For modelling purposes, the chemical structure of 2-aminoethanol hydrobromide has been processed in silico by removal of the inorganic part (HBr). Thus, in the current report the in silico assessment was performed for 2-aminoethanol.

Based on QSAR ACD/Percepta model for acute aquatic toxicity in Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), the 96-h LC50 (fish) for 2-aminoethanol hydrobromide is predicted to be equal to 1800 mg/L.
The prediction has a reliability index of 0.85 and is considered highly reliable (i.e.target compound is included in the applicability domain of the model and the prediction is assessed as highly accurate (very limited uncertainty)).