2-naphthol

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail

Justification for type of information:

one of several accessible publications that are available in scientific literature

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Chemically-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures: A comparison with bacterial mutagenicity using 218 compounds

Author:

Gregory S. Probst
Robert E. McMahon
L. E. Hill
Christina Z. Thompson
J. K. Epp
S. B. Neal

Year:

1981

Bibliographic source:

Probst, G. S., McMahon, R. E., Hill, L. E., Thompson, C. Z., Epp, J. K. and Neal, S. B. (1981), Environ. mutagen, 3: 11-32.

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-naphthol

EC Number:

205-182-7

EC Name:

2-naphthol

Cas Number:

135-19-3

Molecular formula:

C10H8O

IUPAC Name:

2-naphthol

Test material form:

solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium, other: G46

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Species / strain 3

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium, other: TA1000

Species / strain 4

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium, other: C3076

Species / strain 5

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Species / strain 6

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium, other: D3052

Species / strain 7

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1538

Species / strain 8

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Species / strain 9

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2

Species / strain 10

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Bacterial mutagenesis was measured by a modification of the Ames test utilizing concentration gradient plates as described by McMahon et al. Briefly, inocula of ten bacterial tester strains were streaked across square agar plates containing a concentration gradient of test compound and mutagenicity was scored by noting the number of tester strains showing mutant colonies over a given concentration range. The test was conducted using eight histidine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium (G46, TA1535, TAlOOO, C3076, TA1537, D3052, TA1538, and TA98) and two tryptophan auxotraphs of Escherichia coli (WP2 and WP2 uvrA-). Each compound was incorporated into four gradient plates to give a tenfold concentration range per plate, thus providing a 10,000-fold concentration range for the test. For metabolic activation, an S9 fraction, derived from the livers of Aroclor 1254 pretreated rats, was mixed with appropriate co-factors and included in an agar overlay on the gradient plates. Each compound was tested with and without metabolic activation. The data reported here include the number and identity of tester strains showing revertant colonies as well as an estimate of the minimal chemical concentration which produced revertants in the most sensitive tester strain.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: G46

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA1000

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 4

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: C3076

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 5

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 6

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: D3052

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 7

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA1538

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 8

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 9

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Test results 10

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

2-Naphthol was not mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation test (see Probst, G. S., McMahon, R. E., Hill, L. E., Thompson, C. Z., Epp, J. K. and Neal, S. B. (1981), Chemically-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures: A comparison with bacterial mutagenicity using 218 compounds. Environ. mutagen, 3: 11-32.)

Executive summary:

2-Naphthol was not mutagenic in several Ames-tests using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, G46, C3076, D3052, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, both in the presence and in the absence of metabolic activation (liver S-9 mix) and including cytotoxic concentrations (Probst et al., 1981; Purchase et al., 1978; Muzall and Cook, 1979; Florin et al., 1980).