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Toxicity to birds

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Several studies investigate the effects of a mixture containing equal concentrations of C13, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19n-paraffins, C12, C16, C19isoparaffins and C10cycloparaffin on mallard duck and chicken. In a first study (Hoffman, 1978), the mixture was applied directly on the egg shell (5µl in one application) of mallard duck and chicken for 18 and 15 days respectively: the mixture had no effect on embryo development, or on sex ratio. Dietary studies with mallard ducks fed a diet containing 1% (i.e. 10 g/kg diet) of the same paraffin mixture showed that the paraffin mixture had no effect on body and organ weights, reproduction, histopathology, hematology and serology (Patton, and Dieter, 1980; Coon and Dieter, 1981).