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Diss Factsheets

Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Administrative data

Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
28 November 2016 - 02 February 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2017
Report date:
2017

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO International Standard 9439 “Water Quality - Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium - carbon dioxide evolution test (1999).
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO International Standard 10634 "Water Quality - Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium" (1995).
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
1-(butan-2-yl)-4-{4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one
EC Number:
607-685-0
Cas Number:
252964-68-4
Molecular formula:
C23H29N5O2
IUPAC Name:
1-(butan-2-yl)-4-{4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one
Test material form:
solid: particulate/powder
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): JNJ-7982559-AAA (T001329)
- Physical state: solid (powder)
- Appearance: Grey-brown powder
Specific details on test material used for the study:
SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: I14IB3639
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2020-09-17 (retest date)
- Purity test date: 2016-10-20 (certificate of analysis release date)
- Purity: 97.9% (based on HPLC)

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: not indicated
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: <0.001 g/L in water, stability in water not indicated

Study design

Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
Details on inoculum:
- Source: municipal sewage treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage, 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
- Storage conditions: sludge was kept under continuous aeration until further treatment
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Before use, the sludge was allowed to settle (32 minutes) and the supernatant liquid was used as inoculum.
- Pretreatment: no
- Concentration of sludge: the concentration of suspended solids was determined to be 5 g/L in the concentrated sludge.
- Water filtered: tap-water pruified by reverse osmosis (Milli-RO) and subsequently passed over activated carbon

Duration of test (contact time):
28 d
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
Initial conc.:
17.5 mg/L
Based on:
test mat.
Initial conc.:
12 mg/L
Based on:
TOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: test water prepared according to test guidelines, analytical grade salts dissolved in tap-water purified by reverse osmosis (Milli-RO) and subsequently passed over activated carbon.
* mineral stock solution A: 8.5 g KH2PO4, 21.75 g K2HPO4, 67.20 g Na2HPO4.12H2O, 0.5 gNH4Cl dissolved in 1 L Milli-Q water, pH 7.4 ± 0.2
* mineral stock solution B: 22.50 g MgSO4.7H2O dissolved in 1 L Milli-Q water
* mineral stock solution C: 36.4 g CaCl2.2H2O dissolved in 1 L Milli-Q water
* mineral stock solution D: 0.25 g FeCl3.6H2O dissolved in 1 L Milli-Q water
* Final test medium: 10 mL of solution A and 1 mL of solutions B, C and D per L of test medium
- Additional substrate: no
- Test temperature: 21.9-23.5°C
- pH: 7.5-8.0, measured prior to testing in each test flask before addition of inoculum, and again in each test flask at the end of the incubation period
- pH adjusted: no
- Aeration of dilution water: The test solutions were continuously aerated and stirred during the test.
- Continuous darkness: yes

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2-L all-glass brown coloured bottles
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
* test substance and inoculum: 2 replicates
* inoculum blank: 2 replicates
* positive control: 1 replicate
* toxicity control: 1 replicate
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: A mixture of oxygen (~20%) and nitrogen (~80%) was passed through a bottle, containing 0.5 - 1 L 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2 solution to trap CO2. The synthetic air was sparged through the scrubbing solutions at a rate of ~1-2 bubbles per second ( ~30-100 mL/min). The initial suspension of unspiked test medium and inoculum was aerated with this CO2-free air overnight to purge the system of CO2 prior to testing. This CO2-free air was also used for aeration during the test.
- Measuring equipment: CO2-evolution was determined through titration of the remaining Ba(OH)2 with 0.05 M standardized HCl.
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: Three CO2-absorbers (bottles filled with 100 mL 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2 were connected in series to the exit air line of each test bottle.

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: every second or third day during the first 10 days, and thereafter at least every fifth day until the 28th day
- Sampling method: the absorber bottle closest to the incubation system was sampled each time, the second and third bottle were moved one position closer to the system and a new bottle was added at the end
- On the 28th day, pH of test suspensions was measured and 1 mL of concentrated HCl was added to each bottle. Bottles were aerated overnight to drive off CO2 present in the test suspension. The final titration was made on day 29.

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes, two replicates with only inoculum
- Toxicity control: yes, one replicate with test item, reference substance, and inoculum
- Procedure control: yes, 1 replicate with reference item and inoculum
Reference substance
Reference substance:
acetic acid, sodium salt

Results and discussion

Test performance:
- In the toxicity control, more than 25% biodegradation occurred within 14 days (35%, based on ThCO2).
- The positive control item was biodegraded by at least 60% (61%) within 14 days.
% Degradation
Key result
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Value:
1
Sampling time:
28 d
Remarks on result:
other: mean of test bottles A and B
Details on results:
The criterion for ready biodegradability (at least 60% biodegradation within 10 days of biodegradation exceeding 10%) was not met.

BOD5 / COD results

Results with reference substance:
The positive control item was biodegraded by at least 60% (61%) within 14 days, confirming suitability of the activated sludge.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Since JNJ-7982559-AAA (T001329) was not sufficiently soluble to allow preparation of an aqueous solution at a concentration of 1 g/L, weighed amounts were added to the 2-litre test bottles containing medium with microbial organisms and mineral components. To this end, 10 mL of Milli-RO water was added to each weighing bottle containing the test item. After vigorous mixing (vortex) the resulting suspension was added quantitatively to the test medium. The test solutions were continuously stirred during the test to ensure optimal contact between the test item and test medium. Furthermore, the test medium was daily swirled around, since the test item tended to float on the water surface. Test duration was 28 days (last CO2-measurement on day 29).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Interpretation of results:
not readily biodegradable
Conclusions:
Based on the conditions of the modified Sturm test, it is concluded that JNJ-7982559-AAA (T001329) was not readily biodegradable under the conditions of the test. Since in the toxicity control, more than 25% biodegradation occurred within 14 days (35%, based on ThCO2). Therefore, the test item was assumed not to inhibit microbial activity.