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Diss Factsheets

Physical & Chemical properties

Flammability

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Endpoint:
flammable solids
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.1 (Test method for readily combustible solids)
Version / remarks:
2017
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Key result
Test procedure:
burning rate test: preliminary screening test
Remarks on result:
other: In the preliminary test the test item burned locally only for approx. 5 s. The test item melted. Thus, the performance of the main test was not necessary.

Preliminary Test

The test item could be ignited at room temperature using a flame as ignition source being applied for at least 2 minutes. The test item burned locally for approx. 5 s and melted.

Main Test

In the preliminary test the test item burned locally only for approx. 5 s. The test item melted. Thus, the performance of the main test was not necessary.

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
The preliminary screening test did not indicate flammable properties. Because of the result of the preliminary test, the test substance is classified non-flammable.
Executive summary:

The flammable properties of the test item, Basic Red 1, were determined in a test according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Test N. 1. The test item Basic Red 1 could be ignited applying a flame as ignition source for at least 2 minutes. The test item burned locally for approx. 5 s and melted. Thus, the performance of the main test was not necessary. Because of the result of the preliminary test , Basic Red 1 is classified as follows:

UN Transport Regulation: The product does not have to be classified as readily combustible solid in class 4.1 according to the UN Transport Regulation.

GHS (CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008: Annex 1: 2.7): The product does not have to be classified as flammable solid according to GHS / CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008 Annex 1: 2.7.

Endpoint:
self-heating substances / mixtures
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.4 (Test method for self-heating substances)
Version / remarks:
2017
Deviations:
no
Key result
Test procedure:
25 mm sample cube at 140°C
Result:
negative outcome (no effect observed)

Self-ignition in the Grewer Oven

In the investigation of self-ignition in the Grewer Oven for the pure test item a small endothermic effect could be observed at a temperature of approx. 220 °C, directly followed by an exothermic process starting at approx. 250 °C, which led to a maximum temperature of approx. 300 °C (30 °C above the corresponding temperature of the reference material). A second exothermic effect was observed from above 330 °C, which led to a maximum temperature of approx. 460 °C (60 °C above the corresponding temperature of the reference material). A black swelled residue remained in the wire basket after the test.

Table 1: Results of the screening test for self-ignition in the Grewer-Oven

Experiment

Onset self-ignition / °C

Maximum temperature / °C

Pure test item

Approx. 250

300

Approx. 330

460

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
According to the result of the Grewer Oven test, the test item is determined to be not self-heating.
Executive summary:

A study was performed according to UN method N.4 and VDI 2263, sheet 1 in order to determine the self-heating/self-ignition temperature of the test item by using the Grewer Oven method as screening test for classification. For this purpose, the test item was filled in a small wire basket of a volume of 8 cm³ and this wire-basket was placed into the oven. In this oven, the self-ignition behavior of five samples can be determined simultaneously. An additional basket was filled with a reference material (graphite). The temperature of the oven was increased with a constant heating rate (1.2 K/min) in an air stream of 100 to 120 L per hour and the temperature of the sample was recorded as a function of time at intervals of 10 seconds.

In the investigation of self-ignition in the Grewer Oven for the pure test item a small endothermic effect could be observed at a temperature of approx. 220 °C, directly followed by an exothermic process starting at approx. 250 °C, which led to a maximum temperature of approx. 300 °C (30 °C above the corresponding temperature of the reference material). A second exothermic effect was observed from above 330 °C, which led to a maximum temperature of approx. 460 °C (60 °C above the corresponding temperature of the reference material). A black swelled residue remained in the wire basket after the test. Due to the high onset temperature in the Grewer Oven, it can be assumed that the UN Test N.4 using the 25 mm cube sample at 140 °C is negative.

On the basis to the results of the tests on the self-ignition in the Grewer Oven the test item is classified as follows:

UN Transport Regulation: The test item is not classified as self-heating substance in class 4, division 4.2 according to the UN Transport Regulation.

GHS / CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008 Annex 1: 2.11: The test item is not classified as self-heating substance according to GHS/CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008 Annex 1:2.11.

Endpoint:
pyrophoric solids
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied
Endpoint:
substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because the experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water
Endpoint:
flammable gases
Data waiving:
study technically not feasible
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid
Endpoint:
pyrophoric liquids
Data waiving:
study technically not feasible
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid

Description of key information

The preliminary screening according to Un Test N.1 did not indicate flammable properties. Because of the result of the preliminary test, the test substance is classified non-flammable. According to the result of the Grewer Oven test, the test item is determined to be not self-heating. Furthermore, the substance has no pyrophoric properties and does not liberate flammable gases in contact with water.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:
not classified

Additional information

Flammable gases:

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for gases. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable gas.

Flammable solids:

A study according to UN Test N.1. was perfromed in order to determine the flammability of the test item Basic Red 1. The test item could be ignited applying a flame as ignition source for at least 2 minutes. The test item burned locally for approx. 5 s and melted. Thus, the performance of the main test was not necessary. Because of the result of the reliminary test, Basic Red 1 is classified as follows:

UN Transport Regulation: The product does not have to be classified as readily combustible solid in class 4.1 according to the UN Transport Regulation.

GHS (CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008: Annex 1: 2.7): The product does not have to be classified as flammable solid according to GHS / CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008 Annex 1: 2.7.

Self-heating temperature:

A study was performed according to UN method N.4 and VDI 2263, sheet 1 in order to determine the self-heating/self-ignition temperature of the test item by using the Grewer Oven method as screening test for classification. For this purpose, the test item was filled in a small wire basket of a volume of 8 cm³ and this wire-basket was placed into the oven. In this oven, the self-ignition behavior of five samples can be determined simultaneously. An additional basket was filled with a reference material (graphite). The temperature of the oven was increased with a constant heating rate (1.2 K/min) in an air stream of 100 to 120 L per hour and the temperature of the sample was recorded as a function of time at intervals of 10 seconds.

In the investigation of self-ignition in the Grewer Oven for the pure test item a small endothermic effect could be observed at a temperature of approx. 220 °C, directly followed by an exothermic process starting at approx. 250 °C, which led to a maximum temperature of approx. 300 °C (30 °C above the corresponding temperature of the reference material). A second exothermic effect was observed from above 330 °C, which led to a maximum temperature of approx. 460 °C (60 °C above the corresponding temperature of the reference material). A black swelled residue remained in the wire basket after the test. Due to the high onset temperature in the Grewer Oven, it can be assumed that the UN Test N.4 using the 25 mm cube sample at 140 °C is negative.

On the basis to the results of the tests on the self-ignition in the Grewer Oven the test item is classified as follows:

UN Transport Regulation: The test item is not classified as self-heating substance in class 4, division 4.2 according to the UN Transport Regulation.

GHS / CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008 Annex 1: 2.11: The test item is not classified as self-heating substance according to GHS/CLP Regulation EC 1272/2008 Annex 1:2.11.

Pyrophoric solids:

The study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied.

Pyrophoric liquids:

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as pyrophoric liquid.

Emission of flammable gases upon contact with water:

The study does not need to be conducted because the experience in handling and use shows that the substance does not react with water.

Flammable Aerosols

Section 2.4.2 of Guidance on the application on the CLP Criteria state as follows: “Aerosols, this means aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state." Thus, as the substance does not meet the definition for aerosol and a study does not need to be concucted. Consequently the substance has not to be considered for classification for this hazard class.

In conclusion, the substance doesn't have not to be considered as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

In accordance with Annex I Section 2.2, Section 2.3, Section 2.6, Section 2.7, Section 2.9, Section 2.10 Section 2.11, Section 2.12 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and UN GHS Rev 7 (2017) the test item has not to be classified as, flammable liquid, readily combustible solid in class 4 Division 4.1, self-heating substance in Class 4 Division 4.2, substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases in Class 4 Division 4.3, pyrophoric liquid, pyrophoric solid in class 4 Division 4.2, flammable gases in class 2 or as aerosol in class 2.