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Benzenesulfonic acid, para-, monoalkylation products with C14-C18 branched olefins (C15 rich) derived from propene oligomerization, calcium salt, overbased including distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated, solvent-refined, solvent-dewaxed, or catalytic dewaxed, light or heavy paraffinic C15-C50
EC number: 701-205-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 7 October 2008 to 18 September 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study conducted in compliance with OECD 305 Guideline and according to GLP principles with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results. When used to assess the related endpoint for the material tested, this study merits a reliability rating of 1 according to the criteria of Klimisch, 1997. Because the data are used here for read-across to a similar material, the reliabilty rating is reduced to a 2 according to the Klimisch criteria.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 305 (Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 852977-29-3
- IUPAC Name:
- 852977-29-3
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): SP6012 (oil free)
- Physical state: clear, colourless solution (radiolabelled); brown solid (cold)
- Lot/batch No.: TS05021 (cold)
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): 3.71 Mbq/mg; 100.4 µCi/mg
- Storage condition of test material: approximately -20 ºC in the dark (radiolabelled); room temperature in the dark (cold)
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable. - Radiolabelling:
- yes
Sampling and analysis
- Details on sampling:
- Water samples were taken from the solvent control, 0.001 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L test groups on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 25, 28, 32, 25 and 39 of the exposure phase and days 3, 6, 11, 13 and 61 of the depuration phase for quantitative analysis. Water samples were taken once a week during the test for total radioactivity determination. Duplicate samples were taken stored frozen for further analysis if necessary.
Four fish were selected at random for each of the solvent control, 0.001 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L test groups on days 21, 25, 28, 32, 35 and 39 of the exposure phase and days 3, 6, 11, 13 and 61 of the depuration phase for quantitative analysis. Each fish was weighed prior to analysis and analysed for total readioactivity. Three fish were sampled on day 0 of the exposure phase and day 28 of the depuration phase for the determination of lipid content.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- For the purpose of the definitive test, the test material was prepared using a preliminary solution in dimethylformamide.
Two solvent stock solutions of 14C labelled test material, in dimethylformamide, were supplied at a concentration of 1.05 mg/mL at 292 MBq with a specific activity of 100.4 µCi/mg.
1 Ci=3.7x10E+10 Bq therefore 1 mCi = 37 MBq
The specific activity of the solvent stock solutions provided was therefore: 100.4 (mCi/g supplied) x 37 (MBq in 1 mCi) = 3715 MBq/g = 3715 Bg/µg.
Therefore the mass of chemical supplied was: 292 x 10E+6 Bq / 3715 Bq/µg = 78600 µg = 78.6 mg.
As the test involved the use of radio labelled test material, two solvent stock solutions were prepared which were sufficient to dose the entire test. This was done to minimise the handling of the radio labelled test material. Once the solvent stock solutions had been prepared they were stored at approximately 4°C in the dark. Gas tight syringes were filled from these solvent stock solutions and used to dose the test system.
Solvent stock solution preparation for the 0.001 mg/L test concentration: 75 mL of one of the 14C labelled solvent stock solutions supplied was diluted in a final volume of 2.6 litres of dimethylformamide to give a 30 mg/L solvent stock solution. The specific activity of the solvent stock solution was 3715 Bq/µg.
Solvent stock solution preparation for the 0.01 mg/L test concentration: 671.4 mg of cold material was dissolved in dimethylformamide and transferred to a 2 litre volumetric flask. 75 mL of the remaining 14C labelled solvent stock solution supplied was dispensed to the same flask and the volume adjusted to 2 litres with dimethylformamide. This solvent stock solution was then transferred to the storage vessel, along with a further 500 mL of dimethylformamide, to give a 300 mg/L solvent stock solution. The specific activity of the solvent stock solution was: 292 x 10E+6 Bq / 750 000 µg = 389.33 Bq/µg
The solvent control group was prepared in an identical manner without the addition of test material. The solvent control group was exposed to 33.3 µL of dimethylformamide.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: rainbow trout
- Source: Brow Well Fisheries Limited, Hebden, Yorkshire, UK
- Length at study initiation (lenght definition, mean, range and SD): 8.9 cm (sd = 0.2)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 10.25 g (sd = 0.39)
- Feeding: commercail trout pellets at a rate of approximantely 2% bodywright in two equal portions of 1% bodyweight
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14 days
- Type and amount of food: commercial trout pellets
- Feeding frequency: 2% bodyweight per day
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): <1%
Study design
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 42 d
- Total depuration duration:
- 61 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 106-110 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- Approximately 14 degrees C
- pH:
- 7.2-7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.3-10.5 mg O2/L
- TOC:
- 1.47-18.31 mg C/L during the exposure phase and less than the LOQ - 7.1 mg C/L during the depuration phase.
- Salinity:
- Not applicable.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 litre glass exposure vessels for each test concentration
- Type (delete if not applicable): covered to reduce evaporation
- No. of organisms per vessel: 52
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: laboratory tap water, dechlorinated by passage through an activated carbon filter (Elga AC 1)
- Parameters: see Appendix 4 (attached).
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hrs light/8 hrs dark
RANGE-FINDING / PRELIMINARY STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.0033 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: the results of the pilot study shoswed that a steady state bioconcentration factor would be reached after 35 days exposure. The sampling regime for the definitive test was set at 21, 25, 28, 32 and 35 days. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.001 and 0.01 mg/L based on the water solubility of the test material of 0.06 mg/L.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- The concentration of test material in fish tissues was plotted graphically to show the rate of uptake, the plateau concentration and the rate of depuration. When the uptake curve had reached a plateau (steady-state), the BCFss was calculated as follows:
BCF = Cf at steady-state (mean) / Cw at steady-state (mean)
Where:
BCFss = Bioconcentration factor at steady-state
Cf = Mean concentration in test fish at steady-state
Cw = Mean concentration in water at steady-state
The BCF will be expressed both as a function of the total wet weight of fish, and for high lipophilic materials), as a function of the lipid content.
The BCF values were calculated directly from the kinetic rate constants k1 and k2 and termed the kinetic bioconcentration factor as follows:
BCFk = k1 / k2
Where:
BCFk = Kinetic bioconcentration factor
k1 = Uptake rate constant
k2 = Depuration rate constant
The rate constants k1 and k2 and hence the bioconcentration factor were estimated by the use of non-linear parametric estimation given the sequential time concentration data and the model using the SAS computer software package and the equation as follows:
Cf=CwK1/K2*(1-e^-K2t)
Results and discussion
Lipid contentopen allclose all
- Lipid content:
- 5 %
- Time point:
- start of exposure
- Lipid content:
- 9 %
- Time point:
- other: day 69 of the test
Bioaccumulation factoropen allclose all
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 45
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- steady state
- Remarks on result:
- other: After 39 days exposure
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.001 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 38
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- kinetic
- Remarks on result:
- other: Conc.in environment / dose:0.001 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 58
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- steady state
- Remarks on result:
- other: After 39 days exposure
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.01 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 64
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- kinetic
- Remarks on result:
- other: Conc.in environment / dose:0.01 mg/L
Depurationopen allclose all
- Elimination:
- yes
- Parameter:
- other: 70% (0.001 mg/l concentration)
- Depuration time (DT):
- 61 d
- Elimination:
- yes
- Parameter:
- other: 97% (0.01 mg/l concentration)
- Depuration time (DT):
- 61 d
- Details on kinetic parameters:
- - Uptake rate constant (k1): 2.8321 (0.001 mg/L test concentration); 48 (0.01 mg/L test concentration)
- Depuration (loss) rate constant (k2): 0.0742 (0.001 mg/L test concentration); 0.7442 (0.01 mg/L test concentration) - Metabolites:
- Not applicable.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable.
- Details on results:
- Further information on BCF values can be found in Tables 5 to 8. The BCF (ss and k) were observed to be greater at the 0.01 mg/L test concentration compared to 0.001 mg/L. This was considered to be due to the increased body burden at the higher test concentration. It was considered that the fish were only able to metabolise/eliminate/excrete a certain amount of test material. Therefore at the higher concentration more SP6012 (Oil free) was accumulated in the fish tissues compared to the lower concentration.
The BCFs in the definitive test were lower than those observed in the pilot test. This was considered to be possibly due differences in fish size and/or the number of fish introduced into the tanks.
The test material was shown not to significantly accumulate in fish tissue and was observed to be eliminated from the fish tissues over a 61 day depuration period. At the end of the depuration period 70% and 97% of the test material was eliminated from the fish tissues for the 0.001 and 0.01 mg/L test concentrations respectively. Based on this information the biological half-life of the test material is considered to be 39 to 54 days.
No sub-lethal effects of exposure were observed. - Reported statistics:
- See above.
Any other information on results incl. tables
PILOT TEST
Analysis of the water samples (see Appendix 5) taken throughout the pilot test showed measured concentrations to range from 0.0012 to 0.0040 mg/L with average concentrations of 0.0033 mg/L. It was therefore considered that the systsem was dosing correctly.
Analysis of the test fish (see Appendix 5) showed mean measured values for whole fish of 0.750, 0.890 and 0.897 mg/kg on days 28, 35 and 42 respectively. The corresponding bioconcentration factors (BCF) are given in Table 2 in Appendix 5.
Based on the results of the pilot test it was considered that a steady state bioconcentration factor (BCF) would be reached after 35 days exposure. Therefore the sampling regime for the uptake phase for the definitive test was initially set at 21, 25, 28, 32 and 35 days. Due to a delay in the analytical results being available an additional sample timing was conducted 39 days after exposure.
MEASURED TEST CONCENTRATIONS
Analysis of the test solutions based on total readioactivity showed measured test concentrations to range from 90%-150% and 80%-140% of the nominal concentrations for the 0.001 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L test concentrations respectively. The overall mean measured concentrations were 0.0013 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L for the 0.001 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L test concentrations respectively. Despite some of the results being slightly in excess of the 120% acceptance limit it was considered that the test system was dosing accurately with the slight variations observed being due to the limited water solubility of the test marterial.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- validity criteria as stated above fulfilled.
- Conclusions:
- The test material was shown not to significantly accumulate in fish tissue (BCF values of 48 and 58 for the 0.001 and 0.01 mg/L test concentrations respectively) and was observed to be eliminated from the fish tissues over a 61 day depuration period. At the end of the depuration period, 70% and 97% of the test material was eliminated from the fish tissues for the 0.001 and 0.01 mg/L test concentrations respectively. The biological half-life is considered to be 39 to 54 days.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the bioconcentration potential of SP6012 in rainbow trout in line with OCED Guideline 305. Rainbow trout were exposed to test concentrations of 0.001 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L for a period of 42 days under dynamic test conditions. Samples of test fish were taken from the control and test groups on days 21, 25, 28, 32, 35 and 39 of the uptake phase and the concentration of test material in the fish tissues determined. After 42 days exposure the remaining fish were subjected to a depuration period of 61 days. Samples of test fish were taken from the control and test groups on days 3, 6, 11, 13 and 61 of the depuration phase and the concentration of test material determined.
The BCF (BCFss) values were determined to be 45 and 58 for the test concentrations of 0.001 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L respectively. The BCF (BCFk) values were calculated to be 38 and 64 for the test concentrations of 0.001 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L respectively. The uptake and depuration rate constants k1 and k2 were determined to be 2.8321 and 0.0742 for the 0.001 mg/L test concentration and 48 and 0.7442 for the 0.01 mg/L test concentration.
SP6012 was shown not to significantly accumulate in fish tissue and was observed to be eliminated from the fish tissues over a 61 day depuration period. At the end of the depuration period, 70% and 97% of the test material was eliminated from the fish tissues for the 0.001mg/L and 0.01 mg/L test concentrations respectively. Based on this information, the biological half-life is considered to be 39 to 54 days.
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