Clorofene

Long-term toxicity to fish

Description of key information

NOEC (30 d) < 0.0095 mg test item/L (Mortality, OECD 210, nominal, Schneider, Wydra and Böttcher, 2007)

NOEC (30 d): 0.31 mg test item/L (Hatching success, OECD 210, nominal, Schneider, Wydra and Böttcher, 2007)

NOEC (30 d): ≥ 0.031 mg test item/L (Growth parameters, OECD 210, nominal, Schneider, Wydra and Böttcher, 2007)

NOEC (30 d): 0.58 µg test item/L (Mortality, OECD 210, mean measured, Böttcher and Wydra 2008)

NOEC (30 d): 73.0 µg test item/L (Hatching success, OECD 210, mean measured, Böttcher and Wydra 2008)

NOEC (30 d): 22.85 µg test item/L (Growth parameters, OECD 210, mean measured, Böttcher and Wydra 2008)

Additional information

Two experimental studies are available investigating the effects of the test item Chlorophene (CAS 120-32-1) on fish early life stages of the freshwater species Danio rerio (Schneider, Wydra & Böttcher, 2007 and Böttcher and Wydra, 2008). The studies were conducted according to GLP and OECD guideline 210 (2013).

For the first study (Schneider, Wydra & Böttcher, 2007) 60 fertilised eggs each were exposed under flow-through conditions to nominal concentrations of 0.0095, 0.031, 0.098, 0.31 and 1.0 mg chlorophene/L (mean measured concentrations ranged from 78% to 100% of nominal) and a control until 30 days after hatching of the larvae. The daily recorded effects were mortality, hatching success and symptoms of intoxication. Furthermore, at the start and the end of the test, the growth parameters body weight and length of surviving fish were determined. The resulting NOEC based on mortality was < 0.0095 mg test item/L, the lowest concentration tested. The LOEC was determined to be 0.0095 mg test item/L. NOEC based on hatching success was 0.31 mg test item/L and based on growth parameters ≥ 0.031 mg test item/L. An exact NOEC could not be determined as the lowest concentration tested showed significantly different effects from control. Thus a NOEC of < 0.0095 mg Chlorophene/L obtained for mortality is reported.

For the second study the fertilized eggs of Zebra-fish (Danio rerio) were exposed in a flow-through test to aqueous test media containing the test item at concentrations of nominal 100, 31.3, 9.77, 3.05, 0.95 µg/L and to a deionised water control under defined conditions. The test duration was 30 days after hatching. The recorded effects were mortality, hatching, growth and symptoms of intoxication of the fish. Mean recovery rates of 54 to 81% were measured in the test concentrations. Therefore, analytically determined mean concentrations were used for the calculation and reporting of results. The concentration of the test item in the test media of nominal 0.95 µg/L was slightly below the Limit of Quantification. However, the data were considered reliable. The LC50 was determined to be 1.10 µg test item/L (mean measured). The validity criteria can be considered as fulfilled. The NOEC for hatching success was 73.00 µg test item/L (mean measured) and ≥ 100 µg test item/L (nominal)The NOEC for Mortality/survival (30 d post-hatch) was ≥ 0.58 µg test item/L (mean measured) and ≥ 0.95 µg test item/L (nominal). The NOEC for body length was ≥ 22.85 µg test item/L (mean measured) and ≥ 31.3 µg test item/L (nominal). The NOEC for body weight was ≥ 22.85 µg test item/L (mean measured) and ≥ 31.3 µg test item/L (nominal). For Zebra-fish, the highest concentration tested without toxic effects (NOEC) of the test item Chlorophene on mortality after an exposure period of 30 days was determined to be 0.58 µg test item/L (mean measured). The lowest concentration tested with toxic effects (LOEC) on mortality was determined to be 1.65 µg test item/L (mean measured). The LC50 value for mortality has been calculated to be 1.10 µg test item/L (mean measured).