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Toxicological information

Eye irritation

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
9 January 2018 - 7 March 2018
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2018
Report date:
2018

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
Version / remarks:
2017
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)
Version / remarks:
2017
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
4-bromobenzyl alcohol
EC Number:
212-851-7
EC Name:
4-bromobenzyl alcohol
Cas Number:
873-75-6
Molecular formula:
C7H7BrO
IUPAC Name:
(4-bromophenyl)methanol

Test animals / tissue source

Species:
cattle
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Odenwaldschlachthof Brensbach, 64395 Brensbach, Germany
- Age of donor animals: 18-80 months
- Corneal diameter: 24 - 27 mm
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: in transport medium cooled on ice
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: The corneas were prepared immediately after delivery of the eyes to the laboratory.
- Indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: Eyes presenting defects such as vascularization, pigmentation, opacity and scratches were discarded.

Test system

Vehicle:
physiological saline
Controls:
yes, concurrent vehicle
yes, concurrent positive control
Amount / concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0.75 mL of the dissolved test item (i.e. 0.15 g/0.75 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution)

VEHICLE
- Amount applied: 0.75 mL
- Concentration: 0.9%
Duration of treatment / exposure:
240 minutes
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
3 corneas per group
Details on study design:
SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
The corneas were carefully removed from the eyes using scalpel and rounded scissors. A rim of about 2 to 3 mm of tissue (sclera) was left for stability and handling of the isolated cornea. All corneas used in the study were collected in incubation medium (pre-warmed at 32 ± 1°C) and the corneal diameter of each cornea was measured and recorded. Each cornea was mounted in a cornea holder with the endothelial side against the sealing ring (O-ring) of the posterior part of the holder. The cornea was gently flattened over the O-ring without stretching the cornea. Afterwards, the anterior part of the holder was positioned on top of the cornea and fixed in place with screws. Both compartments of the holder were filled with incubation medium. The posterior compartment was filled first to return the cornea to its natural convex form.

QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS
All eyes were carefully examined macroscopically for defects. Those presenting defects such as vascularization, pigmentation, opacity and scratches were discarded. At the end of the incubation period, the basal opacity was determined with a calibrated opacitometer. The light transmission through the corneas, given as lux value, was recorded in a table and thereafter converted into an opacity value (baseline opacity values). Any corneas that showed macroscopic tissue damage (e.g. scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or an opacity >7 opacity units were discarded.

NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 3

SOLVENT CONTROL USED: 0.9% sodium chloride solution

POSITIVE CONTROL USED: Imidazole

APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME: 0.75 mL of the dissolved test item (i.e. 0.15 g/0.75 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution) and 240 min

TREATMENT METHOD: closed chamber

POST-INCUBATION PERIOD: no

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE:
After the incubation period the corneal surface was washed three times with wash medium. Incubation medium was used as final rinse to ensure removal of the phenol red from the anterior chamber prior to the opacity measurement.

METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: The light transmission through the corneas was determined with a calibrated opacitometer (BASF-OP2.0, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany).
- Corneal permeability: The amount of fluorescein that crossed the cornea was measured spectrophotometrically with a microplate reader (ELx800, BioTek Instruments GmbH, Bad Friedrichshall, Germany)

SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
- The following formula (referring to OECD Guideline 437) was used to determine the In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) of the negative control:
IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD490 value)
- The following formula was used to determine the In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) of the positive control and the test item:
IVIS = corrected opacity value + (15 x corrected permeability OD490 value)
- The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) was calculated for each individual treatment and positive control cornea. The mean In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) value of each treated group was calculated from the individual In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) values.

DECISION CRITERIA:
IVIS ≤ 3 No Category (according to GHS)
IVIS > 3; ≤ 55 No prediction can be made
IVIS > 55 Serious eye damage according, Category 1 (according to GHS)

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
A test is considered acceptable if the positive control gives an IVIS that falls within two standard deviations of the current historical mean (IVIS positive control: 82.0 - 132.5).
The negative control responses should result in an IVIS that falls within three standard deviations of the current historical mean (IVIS negative control: -1.4 - 3.1).
A single test run with three corneas should be sufficient for a test item when the resulting classification is unequivocal. In cases of the following borderline results in the first testing run, a second test run should be considered.
- 2 of the 3 corneas give discordant predictions from the mean of all 3 corneas or
- 1 of the 3 corneas give discordant predictions from the mean of all 3 corneas, and the discordant result is >10 IVIS units from the cut-off threshold of 55

Results and discussion

In vitro

Resultsopen allclose all
Irritation parameter:
in vitro irritation score
Remarks:
Replicate 1
Run / experiment:
1
Value:
24.09
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Irritation parameter:
in vitro irritation score
Remarks:
Replicate 2
Run / experiment:
1
Value:
16.355
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Irritation parameter:
in vitro irritation score
Remarks:
Replicate 3
Run / experiment:
1
Value:
15.08
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Other effects / acceptance of results:
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for vehicle control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Yes

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:
other: not Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS
Conclusions:
Based on the results of the present study, the test item is not requiring classification for eye damaging potential (UN GHS Category 1). No prediction can be made if the test item is requiring classification for eye irritation (UN GHS Category 2) or if the test item is not requiring classification (no Category).
Executive summary:

The objective of the present study according to OECD 437 was to examine the potential of the test item to induce serious eye damage in the BCOP assay. The BCOP assay with isolated fresh bovine corneas is an accepted in vitro model for ocular hazard assessment. To determine the eye hazard potential the induced opacity and increased permeability was investigated in isolated bovine corneas after exposure to the test item as a 20% (w/v) suspension in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. As negative control 0.9% sodium chloride solution and as positive control 20% (w/v) Imidazole was used. Three corneas were used per group (negative control, positive control or test item group). After a first opacity measurement of the untreated bovine corneas, 750 µL of the suspended test item, positive or negative control were applied on the corneas and incubated for 240 minutes. After the incubation phase the test item, the positive, and the negative control were rinsed from the corneas and the opacity was measured again. After the opacity measurements, the permeability of the corneas was determined by application of a fluorescein solution for 90 minutes. The amount of fluorescein solution that crossed the cornea was measured spectrophotometrically. The opacity and permeability assessments were combined to determine an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS).

After treatment with the negative control (0.9% sodium chloride solution) the calculated IVIS was 0.5 (study acceptance criteria range: -1.4 - 3.1). Treatment with the positive control (20% Imidazole) revealed an IVIS of 129.6 (study acceptance criteria range: 82.0 - 32.5). Therefore, the study fulfilled the acceptance criteria. The IVIS obtained after treatment with the test item was 18.5 and, thus higher than 3 and lower than 55. The test item is not requiring classification for eye damaging potential (UN GHS Category 1). No prediction can be made if the test item is requiring classification for eye irritation (UN GHS Category 2) or if the test item is not requiring classification (no Category).